Weighted BMO estimates for singular integrals and endpoint extrapolation in Banach function spaces (Q2682691)

In the 70s \textit{B. Muckenhoupt} and \textit{R. L. Wheeden} [Stud. Math. 63, 57--79 (1978; Zbl 0389.46039); ibid. 54, 221--237 (1976; Zbl 0318.26014)] extended the known \(L^{\infty} \to \mathrm{BMO}\) estimates for the Hilbert transform to the weighted setting. In particular, they proved that \[ \frac{1}{|I|} \int_I\left|H f-\langle H f\rangle_I\right| \mathrm{d} x \lesssim_w\|f w\|_{L^{\infty}} \int_I w^{-1}\,dx, \] where \(\langle H f\rangle_I\) is the average of \(Hf\) over \(I\), holds if and only if \(w^{-1}\in A_{\infty}\cap B_2\). The class \(B_2\) is the collection of all locally integrable weights \(w\) satisfying \[ \int_{I^c} \frac{|I| w(x)}{\left|x-c_I\right|^2} \mathrm{~d} x \lesssim\langle w\rangle_I. \] Also, they characterize \(w^{-1}\in A_1\) as the class of weights \(w\) for which the following weighted BMO estimates holds \[ \|w\|_{L^{\infty}(I)} \frac{1}{|I|} \int_I\left|H f-\langle H f\rangle_I\right| \mathrm{d} x \lesssim_w\|f w\|_{L^{\infty}}\tag{1} \] for all intervals \(I\) and all functions \(f\), This result was later used by \textit{E. Harboure} et al. [Am. J. Math. 110, No. 3, 383--397 (1988; Zbl 0676.42020)] to prove a BMO-to-\(L^p\) extrapolation result, saying that if a sublinear operator \(T\) satisfies the same bound as above with implicit constant depending only on \([w^{-1}]_{A_1}\), then \[ \|Tf\|_{L^p(v)}\lesssim_v \|f\|_{L^p(v)} \] for all weights \(v\in A_p\) and \(1<p<\infty\). The first result of this paper is an extended version of the extrapolation result above to the setting of Banach function spaces. A simplified version of the result is: Theorem. Let \(T\) be a sublinear operator. Suppose there is an increasing function \(\phi:[1, \infty) \rightarrow(0, \infty)\) such that for all weights \(w\) with \(w^{-1} \in A_1\), and all compactly supported functions \(f\) with \(f w \in L^{\infty}\left(\mathbb{R}^d\right)\) we have \[ \|w\|_{L^{\infty}(Q)} \frac{1}{|Q|} \int_Q\left|T f-\langle T f(x)\rangle_Q\right| \mathrm{d} x \leq \phi\left(\left[w^{-1}\right]_{A_1}\right)\|f w\|_{L^{\infty}\left(\mathbb{R}^d\right)}. \] Then, for all Banach function spaces \(X\) over \(\mathbb{R}^d\) for which \(M\) is bounded on \(X\) and its associate space \(X^{\prime}\), and all compactly supported functions \(f \in X\) \[ \|T f\|_X \lesssim_d\|M\|_{X^{\prime} \rightarrow X^{\prime}} \phi\left(2\|M\|_{X \rightarrow X}\right)\|f\|_X . \] This result is sharper than another version of the results, for example, the result of \textit{A. Criado} et al. [in: New trends in applied harmonic analysis. Volume 2. Harmonic analysis, geometric measure theory, and applications. Collected papers based on courses given at the 2017 CIMPA school, Buenos Aires, Argentina, July 31 -- August 11, 2017. Cham: Birkhäuser. 241--256 (2019; Zbl 1442.42045)]. The second result is an extended version of the results of Muckenhoupt and Wheeden [loc. cit.] to sparse operators as well as to Calderón-Zygmund operators whose kernels satisfy a \(\Omega\)-Dini smoothness condition. To state this result, the authors need a generalization of the \(B_2\) condition, that is \(w\in B(\Omega)\) if \[ [w]_{B(\Omega)}=\sup _Q \frac{|Q|}{w(Q)} \int_{Q^c} \frac{w(x)}{\left|x-c_Q\right|^d} \Omega\left(\frac{\ell(Q)}{\left|x-c_Q\right|}\right) \mathrm{d} x <\infty. \] Theorem. Let \(w^{-1} \in L_{\mathrm{loc}}^1\left(\mathbb{R}^d\right)\) and let \(T\) be a Calderón-Zygmund operator whose kernel satisfy a \(\Omega\)-Dini smoothness condition, then \[ \frac{1}{|Q|} \int_Q\left|T f-\langle T f\rangle_Q\right| \mathrm{d} x \lesssim\left(\|\Omega\|_{\text {Dini }}+\left[w^{-1}\right]_{B(\Omega)}\right)\left[w^{-1}\right]_{A_{\infty}}\left\langle w^{-1}\right\rangle_Q\|f w\|_{L^{\infty}\left(\mathbb{R}^d\right)} \] and \[ \|w\|_{L^{\infty}(Q)} \frac{1}{|Q|} \int_Q\left|T f-\langle T f\rangle_Q\right| \mathrm{d} x \lesssim\left[w^{-1}\right]_{A_1}^2\left[w^{-1}\right]_{A_{\infty}}\|\Omega\|_{\operatorname{Dini}}\|f w\|_{L^{\infty}\left(\mathbb{R}^d\right)} \] for all compactly supported functions \(f\) with \(f w \in L^{\infty}\left(\mathbb{R}^d\right)\).