On the existence and temporal asymptotics of solutions for the two and half dimensional Hall MHD (Q2684661)

The authors consider the Hall magnetohydrodynamics equations written as: \( u_{t}+u\cdot \nabla u-B\cdot \nabla B+\nabla \overline{p}-\mu \Delta u=0\), \( B_{t}+u\cdot \nabla B-B\cdot \nabla u+\operatorname{curl}((\operatorname{curl}B)\times B)-\nu \Delta B=0\), \(\operatorname{div}u=0\), \(\operatorname{div} B=0\), where \(u\) is the velocity field, \(B\) the magnetic field, \(p=\overline{p}-\frac{1}{2}\left\vert B\right\vert ^{2}\) the pressure, \(\mu \) the viscosity constant, and \(\nu \) the resistivity constant. They take its \(2 \frac{1}{2}\) dimensional form of these equations writing \(u(t,x,y)=(\nabla ^{\perp }\phi (t,x,y),W(t,x,y))=(\phi _{y}(t,x,y),-\phi _{x}(t,x,y),W(t,x,y)) \), \((B(t,x,y)=\nabla ^{\perp }\psi (t,x,y),Z(t,x,y)=(\psi _{y}(t,x,y),-\psi _{x}(t,x,y),Z(t,x,y))\), and they rewrite these equations as: \(\psi _{t}-\Delta \psi =[\psi ,Z]-[\psi ,\phi ]\), \(Z_{t}-\Delta Z=[\Delta \psi ,\psi ]-[Z,\phi ]+[W,\psi ]\), \(W_{t}-\Delta W=-[W,\phi ]-[\psi ,Z]\), \(\Delta \phi _{t}-\Delta ^{2}\phi =-[\Delta \phi ,\phi ]+[\Delta \psi ,\psi ]\), where \(\mu =\nu =1\) for simplicity and \([f,g]=\nabla f\cdot \nabla ^{\perp }g=f_{x}g_{y}-f_{y}g_{x}\). Focusing on the Hall equations without the effect of the fluid part, they consider the two simplified equations: \(\psi _{t}-\Delta \psi =[\psi ,Z]\), \(Z_{t}-\Delta Z=[\Delta \psi ,\psi ]\). The first main result proves that if the initial conditions satisfy \((\nabla \psi _{0},Z_{0})\in L^{2}\), there is a weak solution to these last equations which satisfies \[ \left\Vert \nabla \psi (t)\right\Vert _{L^{2}}^{2}+\left\Vert Z(t)\right\Vert _{L^{2}}^{2}+2\int_{0}^{t}(\left\Vert \Delta \psi (s)\right\Vert _{L^{2}}^{2}+\left\Vert \nabla Z(s)\right\Vert _{L^{2}}^{2})ds\leq \left\Vert \nabla \psi (0)\right\Vert _{L^{2}}^{2}+\left\Vert Z(0)\right\Vert _{L^{2}}^{2}, \quad\text{for all }t>0. \] If \( (\nabla \psi _{0},Z_{0})\in L^{2}\cap L^{1}\), \(\nabla \psi \) and \(Z\) further decay in time as \(\left\Vert \nabla \psi (t)\right\Vert _{L^{2}}^{2}+\left\Vert Z(t)\right\Vert _{L^{2}}^{2}\leq \frac{C_{0}}{ \sqrt{1+t}}, \) where the constant \(C_{0}\) depends on \(\left\Vert \nabla \psi _{0}\right\Vert _{L^{2}\cap L^{1}}\) and \(\left\Vert Z_{0}\right\Vert _{L^{2}\cap L^{1}}\). A weak-strong uniqueness is then proved. If \( B_{1}=(\nabla ^{\perp }\psi _{1},Z_{1})\) and \(B_{2}=(\nabla ^{\perp }\psi _{2},Z_{2})\) are weak solutions to the last equations with the same initial data \((\nabla \psi _{0},Z_{0})\in L^{2}\), then \(B_{1}=B_{2}\) on \([0,T]\) if \( B_{2}\) satisfies the condition \((\Delta \psi _{2},Z_{2})\in L^{p}([0,T]:L^{q})\), \(\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}=\frac{1}{2}\), \(2\leq q<\infty \). In the third main result, the authors assume that the initial data satisfy \((\nabla \psi _{0},Z_{0})\in H^{2}\). They prove the existence of \(T^{\ast }=T(\mathcal{E}_{0})\) such that there exists a unique solution to the last equations with \(\mathcal{E}(T^{\ast })<\infty \). Moreover, the maximal existence time \(T^{\ast }\) is finite if and only if \(\lim_{T\nearrow T^{\ast }}\int_{0}^{T}\left\Vert \nabla Z(t)\right\Vert _{L^{p}}^{q}dt=\infty \), \( \frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}=\frac{1}{2}\), \(2\leq q<\infty \). Here \(\mathcal{E} (t)=M(t)+\int_{0}^{t}N(s)ds\), with \(M(t)=\left\Vert \nabla \psi (t)\right\Vert _{H^{2}}^{2}+\left\Vert Z(t)\right\Vert _{H^{2}}^{2}\) and \( N(t)=\left\Vert \nabla ^{2}\psi (t)\right\Vert _{H^{2}}^{2}+\left\Vert \nabla Z(t)\right\Vert _{H^{2}}^{2}\). Under more restrictive assumptions on \( (\nabla \psi _{0},Z_{0})\) the authors prove global in time existence and decay in time results and they describe the asymptotic behavior of this solution when \(t\rightarrow \infty \). The authors then describe the behavior of a perturbation of solutions around harmonic functions. Coming back to the complete Hall magnetohydrodynamics equations, the authors prove quite similar existence, uniqueness and decay properties. For the existence result, the authors apply a fixed point argument based on the proof of appropriate estimates. Using Gronwall's inequality, they prove the uniqueness.