On a sum involving small arithmetic function and the integral part function (Q2689518)

The article [the reviewer et al., J. Number Theory 202, 278--297 (2019; Zbl 1454.11009)] triggered a new wave of enthusiasm in estimating sums of the shape \[ \sum_{n \leqslant x} f \left( \lfloor x/n \rfloor\right) \] where \(f\) is any arithmetic function. Since this paper was published, a large number of specialists have improved the results in various directions. In the present work, the authors focus on sums of the form \[ \sum_{n \leqslant x} \frac{f \left( \lfloor x/n \rfloor\right)}{\lfloor x/n \rfloor^k} \] where \(k \geqslant 0\) and the Eratosthenes transform of \(f\) satisfies \((f \star \mu)(n) \ll n^{-j}\) with \(j > 0\). The main result states that \[ \sum_{n \leqslant x} \frac{f \left( \lfloor x/n \rfloor\right)}{\lfloor x/n \rfloor^k} = x \sum_{d=1}^\infty \frac{f(d)}{d^{k+1}(d+1)} + O_{\varepsilon,j,k} \left(x^{\vartheta_{j,k} + \varepsilon} \right) \] where \[ \vartheta_{j,k} = \begin{cases}0, & \text{ if } \ j>0, \ k \geqslant 1 \, ; \\ \frac{1-k}{3-k} , & \text{ if } \ j \geqslant 1, \ 0 \leqslant k < 1 \, ; \\ \max \left( \frac{(4j+3)(1-k)}{14j+7},\frac{1-k}{3-k} \right) , & \text{ if } \ \frac{3}{4} \leqslant j < 1, \ 0 \leqslant k < 1. \end{cases} \] This improves an earlier result by \textit{J. Stucky} [J. Number Theory 238, 731--739 (2022; Zbl 07569751)]. As often in this type of problem, the proof depends heavily on an estimate of a triple exponential sum of type II having some constant perturbation and on the use of Vaughan's identity, allowing the authors to derive some non-trivial bounds for sums of the shape \[ \sum_{d \sim D} \frac{f(d)}{d^k} \psi \left( \frac{x}{d+\delta}\right) \] where, as usual, \(\psi(t) := t - \lfloor t \rfloor - \frac{1}{2}\) is the first Bernoulli function, \(\delta \geqslant 0\) and \(D\) is a large positive integer.