Solar models and McKean's breakdown theorem for the \(\mu \mathrm{CH}\) and \(\mu \mathrm{DP}\) equations (Q2696233)

This paper deals with the \(\mu\)CH and \(\mu\)DP equations on the circle \[ m_t + um_\theta + \lambda u_\theta m = 0,\quad t>0,\>\theta\in S^1, \] where \[ S^1=\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z},\quad m = \mu[u]-u_{\theta\theta}, \quad \mu [u(t,\cdot )] =\int_{S^1}u (t , \theta) d \theta,\quad \lambda \in\{ 2,\,3\}. \] The author proves that if the initial momentum changes sign, then \(C^2\) solutions \(u\) must break down in finite time.