On homology of real algebraic varieties (Q2731904)

The author considers the case of an \(R\)-oriented compact nonsingular real algebraic variety of dimension \(n\), \(X\) and \(X_\mathbb{C}\) any nonsingular complexification of \(X\). For \(i:X\to X_\mathbb{C}\) the inclusion map, \(KH_k(X,R)\) the kernel of the induced maps on homology \(i_*:H_k(X,R)\to H_k (X_\mathbb{C},R)\), is independent of the complexification and thus an (entire rational) isomorphism invariant of \(X\). Dually, the image of the homorphism \(i^*:H^*(X_\mathbb{C},R) \to H^*(X,R)\) denoted by \(\text{Im} H^*(X,R)\) is also an isomorphism invariant of \(X\).NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEIn Funct. Anal. Appl. 5, 169-176 (1971; Zbl 0268.53001), \textit{V. I. Arnold} gave a criterion for an even-dimensional real algebraic variety to be bound in its complexification, and in Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 123, 263-271 (1998; Zbl 0908.14022)] \textit{J. Bochnak} and \textit{W. Kucharz} gave another criterion for a real algebraic variety to be dividing (homologous to zero in its compactification) generalizing a criterion they had proved in Topology 35, 451-455 (1996; Zbl 0868.14032) for real algebraic curves to be dividing to surfaces.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEHere, the author gives another characterization and properties of \(KH_*(X,R)\) and \(\text{Im} H^*(X,R)\). He shows that if \(X\) admits a free algebraic \(S^1\) action then \(H_n(X,R)= KH_n( X,R)\). Some restrictions on entire rational maps of real algebraic varieties arising from \(\text{im} H^k(X,R)\) are discussed. Interesting applications are given.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEIn Mich. Math. J. 42, 141-145 (1995; Zbl 0869.14029), \textit{Y. Ozan} used the group \(KH_n(X,R)\) to study entire rational maps of real algebraic varieties.