The weak 1-1 boundedness of square function in the noncompact symmetric space of complex type (Q2749020)

Let \(p_t(x, y)\) be the heat kernel of the Riemannian manifold \(M\) and \(P_t(x,y) = \int^{\infty}_0{\frac{e^{-u}}{\sqrt u}}p_{\frac{t^2}{4u}}(x,y)du\) be the associated Poisson kernel. \({\forall}f{\in}L^1(M, dx)\), its Poisson integral is NEWLINE\[NEWLINEu(x,t) = \int_MP_t(x,y)f(y)dy.NEWLINE\]NEWLINE The Littlewood-Paley function of \(f\) is defined as \(g^2(f)(x) = \int ^{\infty}_0t\{|\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}(x,t)|^2+\|\bigtriangledown_xu(x,t)\|^2\} dt\). Using the Bismut formulae for the gradient of the heat kernel [cf. \textit{K. D. Elworthy} and \textit{X.-M. Li}, J. Funct. Anal. 125, 252-286 (1994; Zbl 0813.60049)], the author gives an upper bound of \(\bigtriangledown_xP_t(x,y)/P_t(x,y)\) by means of the Ricci curvature of noncompact Riemannian symmetric spaces, and investigates the behaviour near the origin and near infinity of related functions to obtain the weak 1-1 type boundedness of the Littlewood-Paley function on noncompact complex Riemannian symmetric spaces.