Analytic and algebraic conditions for bifurcations of homoclinic orbits II: Reversible systems (Q2792103)

This paper is a continuation of the author's previous paper [J. Differ. Equations 253, No. 11, 2916--2950 (2012; Zbl 1260.34081)] and focuses on reversible systems. Various bifurcations of symmetric homoclinic orbits to hyperbolic saddle equilibria are investigated. The author first proves that for four-dimensional reversible systems satisfying some conditions, a variation equation has a triangularizable differential Galois group. Therefore, it is integrable in the meaning of differential Galois theory even if there does not exist a two-dimensional analytic invariant manifold when the system is not perturbed. By using the Melnikov method, it is proved that saddle-node, transcritical or pitchfork bifurcations of symmetric homoclinic orbits occurr under some nondegenerate conditions when the dimension is four or higher. Bifurcations of symmetric homoclinic orbits are proven to be of codimension one. A four-dimensional reversible system which represents steady states in coupled real Ginzburg-Landau equations is used to illustrate the theory. Numerical continuation is performed to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical results.