The rate of decay of stable periodic solutions for Duffing equation with \(L^p\)-conditions (Q282620)

The author considers the equation \[ x''+cx'+g(t,x)=h(t), \] where \(c>0\) is a constant and the functions \(g(t,x)\) and \(h(t)\) are \(2\pi\)-periodic in the variable \(t\). The aim is to prove the existence and uniqueness of a \(2\pi\)-periodic solution which is asymptotically stable by imposing some conditions on the function \(G(t,x)=g_x^{\prime} (t,x)-\frac{c^2}{4}\). There are previous results in this direction but the novelty of this paper is that \(L^p\) and pointwise conditions are mixed. Typically \(G\) must lie between two \(L^p\) functions, say \(\ell (t)\leq G(t,x) \leq u(t)\), satisfying \(\ell (t)>\frac{(n-1)^2}{4}\), \(\|\ell \|_{L^p}<n^2 K(2p^* , 2\pi )\) and the same condition when \(\ell (t)\) is replaced by \(u(t)\). Here \(n\geq 1\) is an integer and \(K(2p^* ,2\pi )\) is a constant given explicitly and related to Sobolev inequalites. The main feature of the proof is the adaptation of some results on the rotation number from Hill's equation to a linear equation with friction.