Higher Kronecker ``limit'' formulas for real quadratic fields (Q2838628)

Let \(\zeta(A,s)\) be the zeta function of a narrow ideal class \(A\) of a real quadratic field of discriminant \(d\). The authors construct a sequence \(\{F_k\mid k\in\mathbb Z,\, k\geq 3\}\) of real-valued analytic functions on \(\mathbb R_+:=\{x\mid x\in\mathbb R,\, x\geq 0\}\) and a sequence \(\{D_k\mid k\in\mathbb Z,\, k\geq 0\}\) of differential operators, which turn smooth functions of one variable into smooth functions of two variables, such that NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\zeta(A,k)= \sum_{w\in R(A)} (D_{k-1} F_{2k})(w, w')\quad\text{for }k\in \mathbb Z,\;k\geq 2,NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(R(A)\) stands for the set of larger roots \(w:= (-b+ d^{1/2})/2a\) of the reduced integral quadratic forms \(ax^2+ bxy+ cy^2\) (\(a>0\), \(b>0\), \(a+ b+ c< 0\)) belonging to the class \(A\) and \(w':= (-b- d^{1/2})/2a\). This parametrization of the values \(\{\zeta(A,k)\}\) leads to explicit formulae for the rational numbers \(\{\zeta(A,1- k)\mid k\in\mathbb Z,\,k\geq 2\}\). The functions \(F_{2k}\) turn out to be related to 1-cocycles of the group \(\text{PSL}(2,\mathbb Z)\) with coefficients in the space of functions on \(\mathbb P^1(\mathbb R)\); this relation allows for a cohomological interpretation of the authors' formulae.NEWLINENEWLINE At the end of their work, the authors define some twists of the functions \(F_k\) by Dirichlet characters that can be used in the study of special values of the zeta functions of the ray classes of a real quadratic field. This paper is a variation on an old and rather classical theme, cf., for instance, \textit{D. B. Zagier} [Math. Ann., 213, 153--184 (1975; Zbl 0283.12004)], \textit{T. Shintani} [J. Fac. Sci., Univ. Tokyo, Sect. IA 24, 330--366 (1977; Zbl 0364.12012)] and references therein.