A differential bialgebra associated to a set theoretical solution of the Yang-Baxter equation. (Q284963)

Let \(k\) be a field. To any set-theoretic solution \(\sigma\colon X\times X\to X\times X\) of the Yang-Baxter equation, a differential graded bialgebra is associated as follows. First, let \(A\) be the semigroup \(k\)-algebra corresponding to the structure semigroup, that is, \(A\) is generated by \(X\), with quadratic relations \(xy=zt\) for \(\sigma(x,y)=(z,t)\). This gives a bialgebra such that the elements of \(X\) are group-like. From this, a bigger \(k\)-algebra \(B\) is constructed, generated by three copies of \(X\), and \(B\) is provided with a differential graded structure such that the differential is a derivation with respect to the multiplication and a coderivation with respect to the comultiplication. A main feature of the construction is that the complex \(k\otimes_AB\otimes_Ak\) gives the standard homology complex of the solution, while \(\Hom_{A,A}(B,k)\) gives the standard cohomology complex. It is shown that there is an associative product in cohomology. Moreover, a comparison map between Yang-Baxter homology of \(X\) and Hochschild homology of \(A\) is established, and similarly for the cohomology. The paper unifies and extends previous work on (co-)homology of racks and quandles, biquandles and similar structures. The corresponding standard complexes are then obtained via dg-quotients of the bialgebra \(B\).