Cubes of integral vectors in dimension four (Q2859352)

For \(1 \leq m \leq 4\), the \(m\)-tuple \((v_1, \dots, v_m)\) of vectors \(v_i \in \mathbb Z^4\) are called an \(m\)-icube, if these vectors are pairwise orthogonal and have the same length.NEWLINENEWLINEIn this paper it is shown that for \(1 \leq m \leq 3\) every \(m\)-icube in \(\mathbb Z^4\) can be extended to a \(4\)-icube. Furthermore, for every \(1 \leq m \leq 4\) and \(N \in \mathbb N\), the authors give a formula for \(f_m(N)\), the number of \(m\)-icubes with vectors of length \(\sqrt N\). It turns out that there are constants \(c_m\) such that \(f_m(N)/c_m\) is a multiplicative function. The formula for \(f_1(N)\) goes back to Jacobi.NEWLINENEWLINEThe proof makes intensive use of the arithmetic of Hurwitz integral quaternions and its subring of Lipschitz quaternions, i.e. quaternions with integral coefficients.