A Galois theory for monoids (Q2877674)

A Galois theory is \(<\mathcal C,\mathcal K,H,I,\eta ,\epsilon ,\mathcal E,\mathcal F >\) where \(\mathcal C\) and \(\mathcal K\) are categories, \(I:\mathcal C\to \mathcal K\), \(H:\mathcal K\to \mathcal C\), \(\eta :\mathrm{Id}_{ \mathcal C}\to HI\), \(\epsilon :IH\to \mathrm{Id}_{\mathcal K}\) form an adjunction and \(\mathcal E\) and \(\mathcal F\) are classes of morphisms of \( \mathcal C\) and \(\mathcal K\) such that they contain all isomorphisms, are pullback stable, are closed under composition, and \(H(\mathcal F)\subseteq \mathcal E\), \( I(\mathcal E)\subseteq \mathcal F\). For every object \(B\) of \(\mathcal C\), let \(H^B\) and \(I^B\) be the induced adjunction between \((\mathcal E\downarrow B)\) and \((\mathcal F\downarrow I(B))\). If \( H^B\) is full and faithful for every object \(B\) of \(\mathcal C\) then this Galois structure is admissible. A trivial extension is \(f:A\to B\in \mathcal E\) such that \(\eta_B\) and \(HI(f)\) is a pullback of \(f\) and \(\eta_A\). A central extension is \(f\in \mathcal E\) whose pullback \( p^{*}(f)\) along some \(p\in \mathcal E\) is a trivial extension. A normal extension is \(f\in \mathcal E\) such that a kernel pair projections of \(f\) are trivial extensions. It is proved that the adjunction between the category of monoids and the category of groups obtained via the Grothendieck group construction and \(\mathcal E\) and \(\mathcal F\) as the classes of all surjective homomorphisms create an admissible Galois structure. Moreover, the notions split trivial extension, central extension and normal extension coincide in this Galois structure.