Explicit formulas for the pair correlation of vertical shifts of zeros of the Riemann zeta-function (Q2910123)

The authors obtain three theorems involving the pair correlation of the zeros of the function NEWLINE\[NEWLINE H_\lambda(s) := \zeta(s-\tfrac{1}{2}i\lambda)\zeta(s+\tfrac{1}{2}i\lambda), NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(\zeta(s)\) is the Riemann zeta-function, and \(\lambda>0\) is fixed number. The first of these that, for \(2\leq x \leq T\), \(c>0\) a suitable constant, NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \sum_{H_\lambda(\rho) =H_\lambda(\rho')=0,|\Im \rho, \Im\rho'|\leq T}{\frac{x^{\rho+\rho'}}{\rho+\rho'}} = {\frac{2xT}{\pi}}\Bigl\{\Bigl[1 + \Re\Bigl({\frac{x^{i\lambda}}{1+i\lambda}}\Bigr)\Bigr]\log x - \Re\Bigl({\frac{x^{i\lambda}}{(1+i\lambda)^2}}\Bigr)-1\Bigr\}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE NEWLINE\[NEWLINE+ O_\lambda\Bigl(xT\exp(-c(\log x)^{3/5}(\log\log x)^{-1/5})\Bigr)NEWLINE\]NEWLINE NEWLINE\[NEWLINE+ O\left(x^2(\log T)^4\right) + O\left(T(\log T)^3\right). NEWLINE\]NEWLINE Here the error term with \(\ldots(\log x)^{3/5}\ldots\) clearly comes from the strongest known error term in the prime number theory. As an application of this theorem, the authors obtain two further results involving the pair correlation of the zeros of \(H_\lambda(s)\). In the proof they use a version of the Landau-Gonek formula (see e.g., \textit{S. M. Gonek} [Contemp. Math. 143, 395--413 (1993; Zbl 0791.11043)]) which has a good error term. This entails expressions involving the function \(n_x\), the closest prime power to \(x\), which they successfully evaluate.