The study of nonlinear almost periodic differential equations without recourse to the \({\mathcal H}\)-classes of these equations (Q2921159)

Many results in the theory of almost periodic differential equations are not concerned with a single equation NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \frac{dx}{dt}=f(t,x)\tag{*}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE but with a family of equations NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\frac{dx}{dt}=g(t,x), \; g\in {\mathcal H},\tag{**}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \({\mathcal H}\) is the hull of \(f\). This set \({\mathcal H}\) is composed by those functions \(g\) defined as a limit of the type NEWLINE\[NEWLINEg(t,x)=\lim_{k\to \infty} f(t+t_k ,x)NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \((t_k )\) is a sequence of real numbers.NEWLINENEWLINEThe author of the present paper proposes an alternative approach that avoids an explicit reference to the hull. Given a solution \(x^* (t)\) of the equation \((*)\) lying on a compact set \(K\), a non-negative quantity \(\Delta\) can be associated to \(x^*\), \(K\) and \(\epsilon >0\). The solution \(x^* (t)\) is almost periodic if \(\Delta (x^* ,K,\epsilon) >0\) for small \(\epsilon\). Indeed, in this case \(x^* (t)\) is a bounded separated solution and this fact somehow reveals the connection with more traditional approaches based on \((**)\).