Strongly Hermitian Einstein-Maxwell solutions on ruled surfaces (Q303657)

On a compact Riemannian 4-manifold \((M,h)\), the scalar curvature of \(h\) is constant if \(h\) is part of a solution of the Einstein-Maxwell equations: (i) \(dF=0\), (ii) \(d\star F=0\), and (iii) \([r+F\circ F]_0=0\), where \(r\) is the Ricci tensor of \(h\), \(F\) is a real 2-form on \(M\), \([\;]_{0}\) denotes the trace-free part with respect to \(h\), and \(F\) is viewed as an endomorphism on the tangent bundle \(TM\). If a Kähler manifold \((M^4,g,J)\) has constant scalar curvature and \(f>0\) is a real holomorphic potential on \(M\) such that \(h=f^{-2}g\), then \((h,F)\) solves (i), (ii), and (iii), where \(F\) is a unique harmonic 2-form on \(M\) with self-dual part equal to the Kähler form \(\omega\). Since both \(h\) and \(F\) are \(J\)-invariant, such Einstein-Maxwell solutions are called strongly Hermitian. If \(\Omega\) is a fixed cohomology class in \(H^2(M,\mathbb R)\) such that \(Q^2>0\) and \(\mathcal{G}_\Omega\) is the set of smooth Riemannian metrics \(h\) on \(M\) for which the harmonic representative \(\omega\) of \(\Omega\) is self-dual, then the critical points of the Yamabe functional \(\mathfrak{G}\) restricted to \(\mathcal{G}_\Omega\) are exactly the Einstein-Maxwell solutions for which the self-dual part \(F^+\) of the 2-form \(F\) is in \(\Omega\). The moduli-space \(\mathcal{M}_\Omega\) of the \(\Omega\)-compatible solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell equations is \(\mathcal{M}_\Omega=\{\text{solutions }(h,F)\;\text{of (i)--(iii)}; F^+\in\Omega\}/[\mathrm{Diff}_H(M)\times\mathbb R^+]\), where \(\mathrm{Diff}_H(M)\) is the group of diffeomorphisms of \(M\) acting trivially on \(H^2(M,\mathbb R)\). In this paper, the authors produce explicit strongly Hermitian Einstein-Maxwell solutions on the smooth compact 4-manifolds that are \(S^2\)-bundles over compact Riemann surfaces of any genus. They prove that if \((M,J)\) is a minimal ruled surface of the form \(\mathbb P(\mathcal{O}\oplus\mathcal{L})\to\Sigma\), where \(\mathcal{L}\to\Sigma\) is any holomorphic line bundle of non-zero degree, \(\mathcal{O}\to\Sigma\) is the trivial holomorphic line bundle, and \(\Sigma\) is a compact Riemann surface of genus \(\mathfrak{g}\), then there exists an open and non-empty subset \(\mathcal{K}\) of the Kähler cone on \((M,J)\) such that each Kähler class in \(\mathcal{K}\) contains a Kähler metric \(g\) which is conformal to a Einstein-Maxwell metric \(h\). If \(\mathfrak{g}\leq 1\), then \(\mathcal{K}\) may be the entire Kähler cone. Also, it is proven that if the smooth 4-manifold \(M\) is either the product \(S^2\times\Sigma\) or the twisted product \(S^2\tilde\times\Sigma\), where \(\Sigma\) is a Riemann surface of genus \(\mathfrak{g}\), then, for any given natural number \(N\) there is a de Rham class \(\Omega\) on \(M\) with \(\Omega^2>0\) such that the moduli-space \(\mathcal{M}_\Omega\) has at least \(N\) components.