Inverse limits with bonding functions whose graphs are connected (Q306122)

The central object of interest of this paper are inverse limits of a single upper semicontinuous multivalued function defined on a space \(X\). It is assumed that \(f(x)\) is nontrivial for all \(x\in X\). Additionally it is assumed that the graph of \(f\) is connected throughout the main results. In such case the following result is known: if \(X\) is a closed unit interval then the cardinality of the inverse limit is either \(1\) or infinite. The main contributions of the paper extend this result. The authors first provide two examples demonstrating that the result fails if we replace \(X\) by a triod or by a circle. In both cases the inverse limit consists of exactly \(n\) points, where \(n\in \mathbb N\) is any chosen number. Using the idea of these examples the authors then provide a realization of a certain class of zero-dimensional spaces as inverse limits with \(X\) being the closed unit interval and the graph of \(f\) being an arc.