Construction of invariants of the coadjoint representation of Lie groups using linear algebra methods (Q329887)

After the works of Casimir in 1931, invariant functions of the coadjoint representation were called \textit{Casimir functions}. The study of such invariants is important because of many applications in mathematics and physics. The problem of constructing these representations for semisimple Lie algebras is already solved, although such a problem for nonsemisimple Lie algebras is not. Despite remarkable results obtained in the first years of century XXI, there is still no general algorithm for constructing coadjoint representation invariants suitable for arbitrary Lie algebras. In this paper, the authors give a method for constructing them that reduces that problem to known problems of linear algebra, which allows for running their algorithm on a computer. The method is based on passing to symplectic coordinates on the coadjoint representation orbits, which play the role of local coordinates on those orbits. Then, the corresponding transition functions are their parametric equations, starting from which the complete set of invariants can be obtained by a procedure of elimination of the symplectic coordinates from the transition functions. In this way, the proposed method allows for solving the problem of constructing those invariants for any Lie group of arbitrary dimension and structure.