Persistence and permanence for a class of functional differential equations with infinite delay (Q330544)

In this paper the author gives sufficient conditions for persistence and permanence for a class of cooperative functional equations (FDEs) with infinite delay written in abstract form as \[ x_i' (t)= F_i (t,x_t)- x_i' (t) G_i (t,x_t), \quad i=1,\cdots,n, \leqno{(*)} \] where \(F= (F_1, \cdots, F_n)\), \(G= (G_1, \cdots, G_n) : D \to \mathbb {R}^n\) are continuous on \(D\subset \mathbb{R}\times \mathcal {B}\), and \(\mathcal {B}\) is an adequate Banach space of continuous functions defined on \((-\infty,0]\) with values in \(\mathbb {R}^n\). As usual \(x_t (s)= x(t+s)\) for \(s \leq 0\). Special emphasis will be given to the autonomous version of \((*)\). Here, the persistence refers to all solutions with initial conditions that are positive, continuous and bounded. The present method applies to a very broad class of abstract systems of FDEs with infinite delay, both autonomous and non-autonomous, which include many important models used in mathematical biology. Moreover, the hypotheses imposed are in general very easy to check. The results are illustrated with some examples.