Potentially non-klt locus and its applications (Q330838)

Let \((X, \Delta)\) be a pair of data with a normal projective variety \(X\) and an effective \(\mathbb{R}\)-divisor \(\Delta\) on \(X\) such that \(K_X+ \Delta\) is a \(\mathbb{R}\)-Cartier divisor. Let \(f: Y\rightarrow X\) be a log resolution of \((X, \Delta)\), then \[ K_Y= f^*(K_X+ \Delta) + \sum_{E_i} a(E_i; X, \Delta) E_i, \] where each \(E_i\) is a prime divisor on \(Y\) and \( a(E_i; X, \Delta) \) is the discrepancy of \((X, \Delta) \) at \(E_i\). A pair \((X, \Delta)\) is potentially klt if \(-(K_X+ \Delta)\) is pseudoeffective and for any log resolution \(f: Y\rightarrow X\) of \((X, \Delta)\) and for any prime divisor \(E\) on \(Y\), we have \[ \bar{a}(E; X, \Delta)= a(E, X, \Delta)-\text{mult}_EN>-1, \] where \(a(E, X, \Delta)\) is the usual discrepancy and \(-f^*(K_X+\Delta)=P+N\) is the divisorial Zariski decomposition. A Fano type variety is a klt Calabi-Yau type variety with a big anticanonical divisor. Using potentially klt pairs and divisorial Zariski decomposition, the authors give a new characterization of Fano type varieties. Theorem 1. A smooth projective variety X is of Fano type if and only if \(-K_X\) is big and \((X, N)\) is potentially klt, where \(-K_X= P+N\) is the divisorial Zariski decomposition. Theorem 2. Let \(X\) be a normal projective variety such that \(-(K_X+ \Delta)\) is \(\mathbb{R}\)-Cartier for some effective \(\mathbb{R}\)-divisor \(\Delta\). (1) If \(-(K_X+ \Delta)\) is big, then \(X\) is rationally connected modulo pNklt\((X, \Delta)\). (2) If \(-(K_X+ \Delta)\) is pseudoeffective and \(\Delta\neq 0\), then \(X\) is rationally connected modulo either pNklt\((X, \Delta)\) or every irreducible component of \(\Delta\). In Theorem 2, \(\text{pNklt}(X, \Delta)=\cup _{\sigma} {\text{Cent}_X}\sigma\), where the union is taken over all divisorial valuations \(\sigma\) with \(\bar{a}(\sigma; X, \Delta)= a(E; X, \Delta)-{\text{mult}_E}N\leq 1\) and Cent\(_Y\sigma=E\).