On the structure of invariant Banach limits (Q344331)

A Banach limit is a linear, positive, shift-invariant functional \(B\) on \(\ell^{\infty}\) which maps the constant sequence \((1,1,\dots)\) to \(1\). Denote the set of all Banach limits by \(\mathfrak{B}\). The Cesàro operator \(C:\ell^{\infty} \rightarrow \ell^{\infty}\) is defined by \[ (Cx)_n:=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^nx_i \;\;\text{for all } n\in \mathbb{N}, \;x\in \ell^{\infty}. \] The \(n\)-th dilation operator \(\sigma_n:\ell^{\infty} \rightarrow \ell^{\infty}\) is defined by \[ \sigma_n(x):=(x_1,x_1,\dots,x_1,x_2,x_2,\dots,x_2,\dots) \;\;\text{for all } x\in \ell^{\infty}, \] where each member of the sequence is repeated \(n\) times. The authors present some results on the structure of the sets \(\mathfrak{B}(C):=\{B\in \mathfrak{B}:B=BC\}\) and \(\mathfrak{B}(\sigma_n):=\{B\in \mathfrak{B}:B=B\sigma_n\}\), as well as on the set \(\text{ext}(\mathfrak{B})\) of extreme points of \(\mathfrak{B}\).