Ramification theory for varieties over a local field (Q351676)

Let \(K\) be a complete discrete valuation field of characteristic \(0\) with perfect residue field \(F\) of characteristic \(p\), and let \({\mathcal O}_K\) be its integer ring. The authors define invariants of wild ramifications for coverings of varieties over \(K\) and prove a Riemann-Roch-type formula for the Swan conductor. More precisely, let \(f:V\to U\) be a finite étale morphism of non-singular varieties over \(K\). For a proper scheme \(Y\) over \(\mathcal O_K\) containing \(V\) as a dense open subscheme, the authors define the wild ramification locus \(\Sigma_{V/U}Y\) of \(f\) on \(Y\) which is a closed subset contained in the special fiber \(Y\otimes_{\mathcal O_K}F\) of \(Y\). For a proper scheme \(X\) over \(\mathcal O_K\) containing \(U\) as a dense open subscheme, define the wild ramification locus \(\Sigma_{V/U}X\) of \(f\) on \(X\) to be \(\bar f(\Sigma_{V/U}Y)\) for a compactification \(\bar f:Y\to X\) of \(f\). For a commutative ring \(R\), define \[ \begin{aligned} F_0G(\partial_{V/U}V)_R&=\varprojlim_Y (F_0G(\Sigma_{V/U}Y)\otimes_{\mathbb Z}R),\\ F_0G(\partial_{V/U}U)_R&=\varprojlim_X (F_0G(\Sigma_{V/U}X)\otimes_{\mathbb Z}R),\end{aligned} \] where \(G(-)\) denotes the Grothendieck group of coherent sheaves, and \(F_0G(-)\) denotes the subgroup generated by classes of coherent sheaves with finite supports. Let \(Z(V/U)\) be the free abelian group on the set of connected components of the complement of the diagonal \(\Delta:V\to V\times_U V\). The authors define the so-called localized intersection product with the logarithmic diagonal which is a homomorphism \[ ((-,\Delta_V))^{\log}:Z(V/U)\to F_0G(\partial_{V/U}V)_{\mathbb Q}. \] Suppose \(f:V\to U\) is Galois with Galois group \(G\). For any \(\sigma\in G-\{1\}\), let \(\Gamma_\sigma:V\to V\times_U V\) be its graph. Define \[ j(\sigma)=(([\Gamma_\sigma], \Delta))^{\log}\in F_0G(\partial_{V/U}V)_{\mathbb Q}. \] For any finite dimensional \(\ell\)-adic (\(\ell\not=p\)) representation \(\rho\) of \(G\), define the Swan class by \[ \mathrm{Sw}(\rho)=\frac{1}{\#(G)}\sum_{\sigma\in G-\{1\}}f_\ast(j(\sigma)) (\mathrm{dim}(\rho)-\mathrm{Tr}(\rho(\sigma))) \in F_0G(\partial_{V/U}U)_{\mathbb Q(\zeta_{p^\infty})}, \] where \(f_\ast:F_0G(\partial_{V/U}V)_{\mathbb Q}\to F_0G(\partial_{V/U}U)_{\mathbb Q}\) is the canonical homomorphism and \(\mathbb Q(\zeta_{p^\infty})=\bigcup_n \mathbb Q(\zeta_{p^n})\) with \(\zeta_{p^n}\) a primitive \(p^n\)-th root of unity. Set \(F_0G(\partial_FU)_R=\varprojlim_X(F_0G(X\otimes_{\mathcal O_K}F)\otimes_{\mathbb Z}R)\), where \(X\) goes over proper schemes over \(\mathcal O_K\) containing \(U\) as a dense open subscheme. Let \(\bar Z(V/U)\) be the free abelian group on the set of connected components of \(V\times_U V\). It is the direct sum of \(Z(V/U)\) and the subgroup generated by the class of the diagonal \(\Delta\). There is a natural extension \[ ((-,\Delta))^{\log}:\bar Z(V/U)\to F_0G(\partial_F V)_{\mathbb Q} \] of the localized intersection product with the logarithmic diagonal mentioned above. For constructible \(\overline{\mathbb Q}_\ell\)-adic sheaf \(\mathcal F\) on \(U\), the authors define \(\mathrm{Sw}_U\mathcal F,\overline{\mathrm{Sw}}_U\mathcal F\in F_0G(\partial_FU)_{\mathbb Q(\zeta_{p^\infty})}\). If \(f:V\to U\) is Galois with Galois group \(\rho\), and if \(\mathcal F\) comes from an \(\ell\)-adic Galois representation \(\rho\) of \(G\), then \(\mathrm{Sw}_U\mathcal F\) is the image of \(\mathrm{Sw}(\rho)\) mentioned above, and \[ \overline{\mathrm{Sw}}_U\mathcal F=\mathrm{Sw}_U\mathcal F-\mathrm{rank}\,\mathcal F((\Delta_U,\Delta_U))^{\log}. \] The main result of the paper says that \[ \overline{\mathrm{Sw}}_V Rf_!\mathcal F= f_! \overline{\mathrm{Sw}}_U\mathcal F. \] In the case where \(V=\mathrm{Spec}\,K\) and \(\mathcal F={\mathbb Q}_\ell\), one gets \[ \mathrm{Sw}_K H_c^\ast (U_{\overline K}, \mathbb Q_\ell)=-\mathrm{deg}((\Delta_U,\Delta_U))^{\log}, \] which is a generalization of Bloch's conductor formula. A crucial step in the proof of the main result is a logarithmic Lefschetz trace formula.