Singular integro-differential equations with small kernels (Q352595)

Consider a continuous function \(f:[0,+\infty)\to \mathbb{R}^n\) and the continuous functions \(h\) and \(q\) defined on \([0,+\infty)\times \mathbb{R}^n\) with values in \(\mathbb{R}^n\) and satisfying a global Lipschitz condition. The authors study a scalar integro-differential equation of the form \[ x'(t)= f(t)- h(t,x(t))- \int^t_0 C(t,s) q(s,x(s))\,ds,\quad t\in[0, +\infty),\tag{1} \] with kernel \(C\) and also a linear vector equation together with its resolvent equation using Lyapunov functionals. -- Suppose \[ \exists p\in[1, +\infty) \quad f\in L^p[0,+\infty),\tag{2} \] \[ \forall t\in [0, +\infty) \quad xh(t,x)\geq 0,\;xq(t,x)\geq 0,\tag{3} \] and \(C\) has a weak singularity at \(t= s\) and some properties. The kernel \(C\) is weakly singular on \(\Omega_T= \{(t,s) : 0\leq s\leq t\leq T\}\) if it is unbounded in \(\Omega_T\). Then, for every \(T> 0\), \(C\) is weakly singular on the set \(\Omega= \{(t,s) : 0\leq s\leq t<+\infty\}\) and for each \(t\in[0,T]\), \(C\) has at most finitely many discrete singularities in \([0,T]\) with \(s\in [0,t]\) and, for every continuous function \(\phi: [0,T]\to \mathbb{R}^n\), the functions \[ t\mapsto \int^t_0 C(t,s)\phi(s)\,ds,\quad t\mapsto \int^t_0|C(t, s)|\,ds, \] both exist and are continuous on \([0,T]\). The authors prove: (i) If \(C\) is weakly singular on \(\Omega\) and \[ \forall T> 0~\exists k\in (0,1)~ \exists\gamma_0> 0~\forall t\in [0,T]\quad\int^t_0(t- s)|C(t,s)|\,ds\leq k, \] then, for any \(x_0\in\mathbb{R}^n\), (1) has a unique solution \(x:[0,T]\to \mathbb{R}^n\) with a continuous derivative and \(x(0)= x_0\). (ii) If (2) hold with \(p= 1\) and \[ \exists\gamma> 0~\forall (t,x)\in [0,+\infty)\times \mathbb{R} \quad |h(t,x)|\geq \gamma|q(t,x)|, \] \[ \begin{multlined} \exists\eta< \gamma-\beta ~ \exists\varepsilon> 0~\forall(t,s)\in [0, +\infty)^2~ (0\leq s\leq t< +\infty)\quad\int^t_s|C(u+\varepsilon, s)-\\ C(u,s)|\,du\leq \eta,\end{multlined} \] then any solution \(x\) of (1) on \([0,+\infty)\) satisfies \(q(.,x(.))\in L^1[0,+\infty)\). (iii) If \(q\) is independent of \(t\) in (1) and (3), \(q(t,x)= g(x)\), \(f\) and \(g\) and \(h\) being vectors, \(C\) an \(n\times n\)-matrix and \[ \exists\delta> 0~\forall(t,x)\in [0,+\infty)\times \mathbb{R}\quad|h(t,x)|\geq \delta|g(x)|, \] \[ \exists\alpha> 0~\exists\beta> 0~\forall p\in\mathbb{Z}\quad\beta+ (p-1)\alpha< p\delta, \] \[ \forall\varepsilon> 0~\forall t\geq 0\quad\int^{+\infty}_\varepsilon |C(u+ t,t)|\,du\leq \beta, \] then \[ \forall t\geq 0\quad\int^t_0 |C(t,s)|\,ds\leq \alpha, \] and \(g(x(.))\in L^p[0, +\infty)\) if \(f\in L^p[0, +\infty)\), \(x\) solves (1) on \([0,+\infty)\) and \[ \exists\mu\in(0,p\delta- \beta-(p-1)\alpha)~\forall \varepsilon> 0\quad\sup_{s\in [0,+\infty)}\, \int^{+\infty}_s|C(u+ \varepsilon, s)- C(u,s)|\,du< \mu. \]