A non-type (D) operator in \(c_0\) (Q353163)

Let \(X\) be a non-reflexive real Banach space with dual \(X^*\) and bidual \(X^{**}\) and let \(T: X\rightrightarrows X^*\) be a maximal monotone operator. Since \(X\subset X^{**}\), the operator \(T\) can also be regarded as an operator from \(X^{**}\) to \(X\) which is monotone but in general not maximal monotone. Obviously, there exists a maximal monotone extension and sufficient conditions are known such that the extension is unique. Such operators are said to be of Gossez type (D). Moreover, Banach spaces are of type (D) if every maximal monotone operator is of type (D). In the past, examples of non-type (D) operators on \(\ell^1\) and \(L^1[0, 1]\) have been found and the conjecture was formulated that any non-reflexive Banach space \(X\) is of type (D) if \(X\) contains no copy of \(\ell^1(\mathbb{N})\). In the present paper, it is shown that this conjecture is not correct, giving an example of a non-type (D) operator on \(c_0\) (the space of real sequences converging to 0) and proving that, for every space which contains a norm-isomorphic copy of \(c_0\), a non-type (D) operator can be defined.