Embedding Mal'tsev coalgebras into Lie coalgebras with triality (Q354495)

A Lie coalgebra \(L\) over a field (here of characteristic not 2 or 3) is said to have triality if \(L\) has two automorphisms s and \(t\) satisfying \(s^2=t^3=I\) and \(st=(t^2)s\), and if \(t^2+t+I\) vanishes on \(M=\{x \in L\mid sx=-x\}\). The authors start by showing that \(M\) is a Malcev coalgebra, i.e., its dual algebra \(M^*\) is a Malcev algebra, that \(M^*\) can be identified with \(\{f \in L^*\mid (s^*)f=-f\}\), and that \(L^*\) is a Lie algebra with triality (dual definition). A quadratic algebra here is one with a non-degenerate symmetric associative bilinear form. The authors next show that a quadratic Malcev algebra embeds in a quadratic Lie algebra with triality. Finally they prove the result in the title of the paper, using the notion of a weakly inner derivation. A derivation \(w\) of \(M^*\) is called weakly inner if for every finite-dimensional subspace \(V\) of \(M\), there is an inner derivation \(D\) of \(M^*\) such that \(D(f)(v)=w(f)\) for all \(f\) in \(M^*\), \(v\) in \(V\). Using these weakly inner derivations, they construct a Lie algebra \(L\), an appropriate quadratic form, and a certain subspace \((L^c)(M)\). They construct a Lie coalgebra structure on \((L^c)(M)\), an embedding of \(M\) into \((L^c)(M)\), and show that \((L^c)(M)\) is a Lie coalgebra with triality. This is the analogue of a result of Mikheev for Malcev algebras [\textit{P. O. Mikheev}, Algebra Logic 31, No. 2, 106--110 (1992); translation from Algebra Logika 31, No. 2, 167--173 (1992; Zbl 0798.17020)].