Parabolic contractions of semisimple Lie algebras and their invariants (Q361796)

Let \(\mathbb{K}\) be a characteristic zero algebraically closed field. Let \(G\) be a connected semisimple algebraic group with Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{g.}\) For \(\mathfrak{b}\) be a Borel subalgebra of \(\mathfrak{g}\) one can form the contraction \(\mathfrak{\tilde{q}=b\ltimes}\left( \mathfrak{g/b}\right) ^{a},\) where \(\left( -\right) ^{a}\) indicates that the expression in parentheses should be viewed as an abelian ideal in \(\mathfrak{\tilde{q}}.\) This contraction has allowed for the study of certain degenerations of the usual flag variety of \(G.\) Here, the authors replace the Borel subalgebra with an arbitrary parabolic subalgebra.\(\mathfrak{p}.\) Let \(P\) be a parabolic subgroup of \(G\), Lie \(P=\mathfrak{p,}\) and let \(\mathfrak{n}\) be the nilpotent radical of \(\mathfrak{p}.\) For a Levi subgroup \(L\) of \(P\), \(\mathfrak{l\,} =\,\)Lie\(\;L\) one has the vector space decomposition \(\mathfrak{g=n\oplus l\oplus n}\_,\) where \(\mathfrak{n}\_\) is the nilpotent radical of an opposite radical subalgebra \(\mathfrak{g}\)\_\(=\mathfrak{l\oplus n}\)\_, viewed as a \(P\)-module by the isomorphism \(\mathfrak{n}\)\_\(\cong\mathfrak{g/p.}\) Then the parabolic contraction is defined to be \(\mathfrak{q=p\ltimes}\left( \mathfrak{g/p}\right) ^{a}=\mathfrak{p\ltimes n}^{a}\)\_. Let \(Q=P\ltimes N^{a}\_,\) where \(N^{a}\)\_ \(=\exp\left( \mathfrak{n} ^{a}\_\right) .\) Then Lie \(Q=\mathfrak{q,}\) so \(Q\) acts on \(\mathfrak{q}\) by the adjoint representation, hence on \(\mathbb{K}\left[ \mathfrak{q}\right] \) as well. It is proved that the polynomial invariants of this action are well-behaved; indeed, it is shown here that \(\mathbb{K}\left[ \mathfrak{q} \right] ^{Q}\cong\mathbb{K}\left[ \mathfrak{p}\right] ^{P}\cong \mathbb{K}\left[ \mathfrak{l}\right] ^{L},\) and that the quotient \(\pi_{\mathfrak{q}}:\mathfrak{q\rightarrow q}//Q\) is equidimensional. Thus, \(\mathbb{K}\left[ \mathfrak{q}\right] ^{Q}\) is a graded polynomial algebra with \(l:=\mathrm{rank}\left( G\right) \) generators. Of course, \(Q\) also acts on \(\mathfrak{q}^{\ast}\) by the coadjoint representation, and the behavior of the polynomial invariants here is more complicated. \ The polynomial ring \(\mathbb{K}\left[ \mathfrak{q}^{\ast }\right] \) is a Poisson algebra \(\mathcal{S}\left( \mathfrak{q}\right) ,\) and describing \(\mathcal{S}\left( \mathfrak{q}\right) ^{Q}\) remains difficult. However, for any \(\mathcal{H\in S}\left( \mathfrak{g}\right) \) homogeneous of total degree \(n\) we let \(\mathcal{H}^{\bullet}\) be its bi-homogeneous component having highest degree with respect to \(\mathfrak{n} \_,.\)and \(^{e}\mathcal{H}\in\mathcal{S}\left( \mathfrak{g}_{e}\right) ^{G_{e}},\) \(e\in\mathfrak{g}\) a Richardson element. It is shown that for a set \(\mathcal{F}_{1},\dots,\mathcal{F}_{l}\) of basic invariants in \(\mathcal{S} \left( \mathfrak{g}\right) ^{G},\) if \(^{e}\mathcal{F}_{1},\dots ,^{e}\mathcal{F}_{l}\) are algebraically independent, then so are \(\mathcal{F}_{1}^{\bullet},\dots,\mathcal{F}_{l}^{\bullet},\) and if so then \(\mathcal{S}\left( \mathfrak{q}\right) ^{Q}\) is an algebraic extension of \(\mathbb{K}\left[ \mathcal{F}_{1}^{\bullet},\dots,\mathcal{F}_{l}^{\bullet }\right] .\) In particular, this holds if \(\mathfrak{q}\) is a subregular contraction of \(\mathfrak{g.}\) Finally, special cases are considered. If \(\mathfrak{g}\) is simple, of type \(\mathbb{A}_{l}\) or \(\mathbb{C}_{l}\) then \(\mathcal{S}\left( \mathfrak{q} \right) ^{Q}\) is a polynomial algebra for any choice of parabolic subgroup \(\mathfrak{p.}\) If \(\mathfrak{g}\) is of type \(\mathbb{B}_{l}\) then the same result holds whenever the Levi subalgebra of \(\mathfrak{p=gl}_{n_{1}} \oplus\cdots\oplus\mathfrak{gl}_{n_{t}}\) with each \(n_{i}\) odd.