Covering mappings in a product of metric spaces and boundary value problems for differential equations unsolved for the derivative (Q362467)

Let \((X,d_X)\) and \((Y,d_Y)\) be metric spaces, \(B_X(x,r)\) denotes the closed ball with center \(x\) and radius \(r> 0\). For a given \(\alpha>0\), a map \(\psi: X\to Y\) is called an \(\alpha\)-covering if the inclusion \(\psi(B_X(x,r))\supseteq B_Y(\psi(x),\alpha r)\) holds for every \(x\in X\) and \(r> 0\). \(\psi\) is called a conditional covering if the inclusion is \(\psi(B_X(x,r))\supseteq B_Y(\psi(x),\alpha r)\cap \psi(X)\). Let \(\text{cl}(\mathbb{R})\) be the set of all nonempty closed subsets of \(\mathbb{R}\) and let \(\Omega:[a,b]\to \text{cl}(\mathbb{R})\) be a measurable set-valued function on an interval \([a,b]\subseteq \mathbb{R}\). For \(p\geq 1\), let \(L_p([a,b], \Omega)\) be the complete metric space of \(p\)-integrable functions \(y(t)\) on \([a,b]\) satisfying \(y(t)\in\Omega(t)\) for \(t\in [a,b]\). Let \(\Omega_i:[a,b]\to \text{cl}(\mathbb{R})\) and \(\theta_i:[a,b]\to \text{cl}(\mathbb{R})\) be measurable set-valued maps for \(i= 1,2,\dots,n\) and let for \(t\in [a,b]\), \(x\in\mathbb{R}^n\), \(u_i\in \Omega_i(t)\), \(f_i(t,x,u_i)\in \theta_i(t)\) be given functions satisfying Carathéodory conditions and certain relations involving spaces \(L_p([a,b],Q)\). Let \(y_i(t)\) with \(y_i(t)\in Q_i(t)\), \(i= 1,\dots, n\), be given functions and let \(P_i\), \(Q\) and \(\Delta\), \(i= 1,\dots, n\) be given numbers with \(P_i+ Q_i\neq 0\). The authors consider the system of differential equations of the form \(f_i(t,x_i,\dots, x_n,\dot x_i)= y_i(t)\), \(i= 1,\dots, n\), with the boundary conditions \(P_i x_i(a)+ Q_i x(b)= \Delta_i\), \(i= 1,\dots, n\). They prove that if there exist numbers \(\alpha_i> 0\) such that the maps \(f_i(t,x,\cdot):\Omega(t)\to \theta_i(t)\) are conditional coverings and if the inclusions \(y_i(t)\in f_i(t,x,\Omega_i(t))\) hold, then there exists a solution of this boundary value problem. Remark: There may be confusion concerning \(\theta_i\) and \(Q_i\), \(\theta_i\) are maps and \(Q_i\) are numbers.