Optimal regularization processes on complete Riemannian manifolds (Q367008)

Let \(M\) be a complete Riemannian manifold with Laplace-Beltrami operator \(\Delta_M\) and \(\varepsilon>0\). Let us call the function \(\chi:\mathbb R\to\mathbb R\) a cutoff if \(\chi\) is smooth, equal to 1 on a neighborhood of \(s=0\), compactly supported or of Schwartz class. The authors introduce the properly supported smoothing operator \(T_\varepsilon=\int_{\mathbb R} \varphi(t)\Phi_\varepsilon(t)\cos(t\sqrt{\Delta_M})\,dt\), where \(\varphi\) is a compactly supported time cutoff and \(\Phi_\varepsilon\) an \(\varepsilon\)-scaled Schwartz energy cutoff (its Fourier transform is given by \(\widehat{\Phi}_\varepsilon(t)=\varepsilon^{-1}\widehat {\Psi}(t/\varepsilon)\) with \(\Psi\) a Schwartz cutoff). The main result of the paper is that the operator family \((T_\varepsilon)_{0<\varepsilon <1}\) induces a linear injection of the Schwartz distribution space into the Colombeau distribution algebra, commuting with isometries and preserving microlocal properties such as wavefront sets. The finite speed propagation of the wave operator \(\cos(t\sqrt{\Delta_M})\) plays a key role in the proof. A similar embedding is given for the distributional section space of a vector bundle \(E\to M\). The construction is based on an elliptic differential operator of order 1 with finite speed propagation (as a square root of generalized Laplacians).