On convergents of certain values of hyperbolic functions formed from Diophantine equations (Q367029)

The authors of the present paper discuss the approximation of certain values of hyperbolic functions by rational numbers, proving (in details or in sketch form) 8 theorems. The last of them is: Theorem 8. Let \(u\) and \(v\) be integers with \(u\geq v>0\). Let \[ \eta :=\frac{((u+v)\cosh\frac{2}{\sqrt{uv}}+(u-v))((u-v)\cosh\frac{2}{\sqrt{uv}}+(u+v))}{4uv\sinh^{2}\frac{2}{\sqrt{uv}}} \] and \[ h(t)=\frac{1}{4}(t^{2}-\frac{1}{t^{2}}). \] Then there are infinitely many triples \((x, y, z, w)\) of integers satisfying simultaneously \[ |y\eta-x|<C'\frac{\sqrt{y}\log \log y}{\log y}\,\, \text{ and}\,\, x^{2}+y^{2}=z^{4}-w^{2}. \] Conversely, for given positive integers \(x\), \(y(\geq3)\), \(z\) and \(w\) with \(x^{2}+y^{2}=z^{4}-w^{2}\), assuming that \(x=q^{4}-p^{4}, y=4p^{2}q^{2}, z=p^{2}+q^{2}\) and \(w=2pq(q^{2}-p^{2})\) (\(p\) and \(q\) are positive integers with \(p<q\) ), than we have the inequality \(|y\eta -x|>C''\frac{\sqrt{y}\log \log y}{\log y}\) (\(C'\) and \(C''\) positive constants).