On the Davenport-Heilbronn theorems and second order terms (Q368620)

Let \(N^+(X)\) and \(N^-(X)\) count the number of cubic fields \(K\) with positive and negative discriminants, respectively, whose absolute value is less than \(X\). The authors prove a conjecture by \textit{D. P. Roberts} [Math. Comput. 70, No. 236, 1699--1705 (2001; Zbl 0985.11068)] according to which \[ N^+(X) = \frac1{12 \zeta(3)} X + \frac{4 \zeta(1/3)}{5 \Gamma(2/3)^3 \zeta(5/3)} X^{5/6} + o(X^{13/16 + \varepsilon}) \] and \[ N^-(X) = \frac1{4 \zeta(3)} X + \frac{4\sqrt{3} \zeta(1/3)}{5 \Gamma(2/3)^3 \zeta(5/3)} X^{5/6} + o(X^{13/16 + \varepsilon}). \] These results imply statements about sums \(\sum_{0<|D|<X} h_3(D)\) of \(3\)-class numbers of quadratic number fields with discriminant \(D\), and there are similar results on the asymptotics of the number of \(\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbb Z)\)-equivalence classes of irreducible integral binary cubic forms. The proof uses the correspondence of Levi-Delone-Faddeev between orders in cubic fields and binary cubic forms and is, despite of its technical nature, simpler than the original approach by \textit{H. Davenport} and \textit{H. Heilbronn} [Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. A 322, 405--420 (1971; Zbl 0212.08101)].