Lazer-Leach type conditions on periodic solutions of Liénard equation with a deviating argument at resonance (Q370295)

Summary: We study the existence of periodic solutions of Liénard equation with a deviating argument \[ x'' + f(x)x' + n^2x + g(x(t - \tau)) = p(t), \] where \(f, g, p : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}\) are continuous and \(p\) is \(2\pi\)-periodic, \(0 \leq \tau < 2\pi\) is a constant, and \(n\) is a positive integer. Assume that the limits \(\lim_{x \to \pm\infty}g(x) = g(\pm\infty)\) and \(\lim_{x \to \pm\infty}F(x) = F(\pm \infty)\) exist and are finite, where \(F(x) = \int^x_0 f(u)\,du\). We prove that the given equation has at least one \(2\pi\)-periodic solution provided that one of the following conditions holds: \[ \begin{aligned} 2\cos(n\tau)[g(+\infty) - g(-\infty)] &\neq \int^{2\pi}_0 p(t)\sin(\theta + nt)\,dt \;\forall\,\theta \in [0, 2\pi],\\ 2n\cos(n\tau)[F(+\infty) - F(-\infty)] &\neq \int^{2\pi}_0 p(t)\sin(\theta + nt)\,dt \;\forall\, \theta \in [0, 2\pi], \\ 2[g(+\infty) - g(-\infty)] - 2n\sin(n\tau)[F(+\infty) - F(-\infty)] &\neq \int^{2\pi}_0 p(t)\sin(\theta + nt)\,dt \;\forall\, \theta \in [0, 2\pi],\\2n[F(+\infty) - F(-\infty)] - 2\sin(n\tau)[g(+\infty) - g(-\infty)] &\neq \int^{2\pi}_0 p(t)\sin(\theta + nt)\,dt \;\forall\, \theta \in [0, 2\pi].\end{aligned} \]