Binary forms as sums of two squares and Châtelet surfaces (Q375831)

Let \(X\) be a proper smooth model of the affine surface defined by the equation \(y^2+ z^2= f(t)\), where \(f(t)\in\mathbb Z[t]\) and \[ f(t)= L(t) C(t),\;L(t)= at+ b,\;C(t)= c_0t^3+ c_1t^2+ c_2t+ c_3 \] with \(\{a,b, c_i\mid 0\leq i\leq 3\}\subseteq\mathbb Z\{0\}\); moreover, suppose that \(C(t)\) is an irreducible polynomial. Then \(X\) is a Châtelet surface over \(\mathbb Q\) and the anti-canonical linear system \(|-K_X|\) gives a morphism \(\psi: X\to\mathbb P^4\). The authors define a suitably metrized exponential height \(h: \mathbb P^4(\mathbb Q)\to \mathbb R^*_+\) and obtain an asymptotic formula for the counting function \[ N(B):= \text{card}\{x\mid x\in X(\mathbb Q),\,(h\circ\psi)(x)\leq B\} \] of the shape \(N(B)\sim cB(\log B)\) with \(c> 0\) as \(B\to\infty\), confirming thereby that the surface \(X\) satisfies the well-known conjectures stated in the works of V. V. Batyrev, Yu. I. Manin, and E. Peyre.