Path subcoalgebras, finiteness properties and quantum groups. (Q380275)

A coalgebra \(C\) is a left \(C^*\)-module via its structure as a right \(C\)-comodule via its comultiplication. \(C\) is called left co-Frobenius if \(C\) embeds in \(C^*\) as a left \(C^*\)-module. \(C\) is called left quasi-co-Frobenius (QcF) if \(C\) embeds in a free left \(C^*\)-module as a left \(C^*\)-module. The authors study these properties for path subcoalgebras, i.e., subcoalgebras of path coalgebras on a quiver which have a basis of paths, and for incidence subcoalgebras, i.e., subcoalgebras of incidence coalgebras on locally finite sets which have a basis of segments. The two cases have some similarities, e.g., left co-Frobenius and left QcF are equivalent. It follows from their results that a path coalgebra is left co-Frobenius if and only if the quiver has no edges, and an incidence coalgebra is left co-Frobenius if and only if the order relation is equality. In both cases, the coalgebra is pointed. They give analogous (but more technical) conditions in the path subcoalgebra and incidence subcoalgebra cases. They characterize left co-Frobenius path subcoalgebras as those whose intersection with the quiver is a disjoint union of subquivers of types an infinite line, a half-infinite line and a loop, with related conditions on paths. Finally, they characterize which (left and right) co-Frobenius path subcoalgebras have Hopf algebra structures, when the base field contains primitive roots of unity of all orders. Again, this involves the line, half-line and loop examples. The paper contains many interesting examples.