An extension operator associated with certain \(G\)-Loewner chains (Q384924)

The paper under review deals with the problem of extending normalized univalent functions of the unit disc to normalized univalent mappings of the unit ball in \(\mathbb C^n\), in such a way that, if the original function satisfies some geometric or analytic condition then its extension does. The extension operator considered by the author is given by \[ \Phi_{n,\alpha,\beta}(f)(z):=\bigg(f(z_1), z''\Big(\frac{f(z_1)}{z_1}\Big)^\alpha \big(f'(z_1)\big)^\beta\bigg), \] where \(f\) is a locally univalent function on the unit disc such that \(f(0)=0\), \(f'(0)=1\), \(f(\zeta)\neq 0\) for \(\zeta\neq 0\), \((z_1,z'')\in \mathbb C^n\) are coordinates in the unit ball and \(\alpha,\beta\geq 0\). The operator \(\Phi_{n,0,1/2}\) is the Roper-Suffridge extension operator, and it is known that it maps convex functions to convex mappings, starlike functions to starlike mappings and, if \(f\) is univalent then \(\Phi_{n,0,1/2}(f)\) admits parametric representation, in the sense that it can be embedded into a normal, normalized Loewner chain. Recall that, given a holomorphic function \(g\) on the unit disc, a normalized, normal Loewner chain \(\{f_t\}\) is called a \(g\)-Loewner chain provided the numerical range of the associated Herglotz vector field belongs to the image of \(g\). In this paper the author considers \(g(\zeta)=(1-\zeta)/(1+(1-2\gamma)\zeta)\), for \(\gamma\in [0,1)\). The main result of the paper says that, if \(f\) is the first element of a \(g\)-Loewner chain in the unit disc, then \(\Phi_{n,\alpha, \beta}(f)\) can be embedded as the first element of a \(g\)-Loewner chain in the unit ball for \(\alpha\in [0,1]\), \(\beta\in [0,1/2]\), \(\alpha+\beta\leq 1\). As a consequence, for the same values of \(\alpha,\beta\), the extension operator \(\Phi_{n,\alpha, \beta}\) preserves \(\gamma\)-starlike functions and spiral like functions of type \(\delta\in (-\pi/2,\pi/2)\). The author also proves that the operator preserves subordination and obtains growth estimates. Then she studies the radius problem for the extension operator, in particular she finds the radius of spirallikeness of type \(\delta\) and the radius of convexity for the extension of the class of normalized univalent functions in the unit disc.