The characteristic function for Jacobi matrices with applications (Q389687)

The authors introduce a class of infinite complex symmetric Jacobi matrices \[ J=J(\{\lambda_n\}_{n\geq1}, \{w_n\}_{n\geq1}) \] with diagonal entries \(\lambda_n\) and nonzero weights \(w_n\) characterized by a simple convergence condition. To each such matrix, they associate a characteristic function \(F_J\) as an analytic function on the domain \(\mathbb{C}_0^\lambda\) obtained by excluding from the complex plane the closure of the range of the diagonal sequence \(\{\lambda_n\}\). A key ingredient of the whole construction is the \(\mathcal{F}\)-function defined on a certain subset of the linear space of all complex sequences \(\{x_k\}_{k\geq1}\) by \[ \mathcal{F}(x)= 1+\sum_{m=1}^\infty(-1)^m\,\sum_{k_1=1}^\infty\,\sum_{k_2=k_1+2}^\infty\cdots\sum_{k_m=k_{m-1}+2}^\infty x_{k_1}x_{k_1+1}\cdots x_{k_m}x_{k_m+1}. \] The characteristic function \(F_J\) is then defined as \[ F_J(z):=\mathcal{F}\left(\left\{\frac{\gamma_n^2}{\lambda_n-z}\right\}_{n\geq1}\right), \quad \gamma_{2k-1}:=\prod_{j=1}^{k-1} \frac{w_{2j}}{w_{2j-1}}\,, \;\;\gamma_{2k}:=w_1\prod_{j=1}^{k-1} \frac{w_{2j+1}}{w_{2j}}\,, \] for \(k=1,2,\ldots\). Under some comparatively simple additional assumptions, \(J\) determines a unique closed operator on \(\ell^2(\mathbb{N})\). Moreover, its spectrum in the domain \(\mathbb{C}_0^\lambda\) is discrete and agrees with the zero set of \(F_J\).