Diophantine approximation and beta-expansions over the field of formal Laurent series (Q390629)

\textit{Y. Bugeaud} [Math. Ann. 341, No. 3, 677--684 (2008; Zbl 1163.11056)] considered sets of numbers with prescribed irrationality measure in the middle-third Cantor set. Particularly, he proved the following result. Let \(K\) be the set of \(\psi\)-approximable real numbers, \[ K(\psi):=\biggl\{x\in\mathbb R:\biggl|x-\frac{p}{q}\biggr|<\psi(q) \text{ for infinitely many } \frac{p}{q}\in\mathbb Q\biggr\}\,. \] Then if \(c\in\bigl(0,\frac{1}{3}\bigr)\) and \(\psi\) is a function with \(x^2 \psi(x)\searrow 0\) as \(x\to\infty\) then the set \((K(\psi)\setminus K(c\psi))\cap K\) is uncountable. Let \(\mathbb F_q\) be the finite field of \(q\) elements. Denote \(\mathbb F_q((z^{-1}))\) the field of formal Laurent series with coefficients in \(\mathbb F_q\). For \(x=\sum_{n=A}^\infty c_nz^{-n}\in\mathbb F_q((z^{-1}))\) with \(c_A\neq0\) denote \(\deg x=-A\) and \(\|x\|=q^{-A}\). Let \(\beta\in\mathbb F_q((z^{-1}))\) with \(\|\beta\|>1\). Then every \(x\in\mathbb F_q((z^{-1}))\) with \(\|x\|<1\) can be expressed by \(\beta\)-expansion \(x=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{\varepsilon_n(x)}{\beta^n}\) for polynomials \(\varepsilon_n\in\mathbb F_q[z]\) with \(\deg\varepsilon_n<\deg\beta\), see for instance [\textit{K. Scheicher}, Finite Fields Appl. 13, No. 2, 394--410 (2007; Zbl 1152.11037)]. The author in the present paper proves a result similar to the result of Bugeaud, for \(\beta\)-expansions in \(\mathbb F_q((z^{-1}))\). Let \(\beta\in\mathbb F_q[z]\) and let \(J\) be a proper subset of \(\{\varepsilon\in\mathbb F_q[z]:\deg\varepsilon<\deg\beta\}\). Define Cantor-like set \[ K_J:=\biggl\{x\in\mathbb F_q((z^{-1})):\|x\|<1 \text{ and } x=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{\varepsilon_n}{\beta^n} \text{ with } \varepsilon_n\in J\biggr\}\,. \] For a function \(\psi:\mathbb F_q[z]\to\{q^n:n\in\mathbb Z\}\) let \(K(\psi)\) be the set of \(\psi\)-approximable formal Laurent series, \[ K(\psi):=\biggl\{x\in\mathbb F_q((z^{-1})):\biggl\|x-\frac{P}{Q}\biggr\|<\psi(Q) \text{ for infinitely many } \frac{P}{Q}\in\mathbb F_q(z)\biggr\}\,. \] The main result of the present paper is that if \(c\in\bigl(0,\frac{1}{\|\beta\|}\bigr)\) and \(\psi:\mathbb F_q[z]\to\{q^n:n\in\mathbb Z\}\) is a function with \(\|Q\|^2 \psi(Q)\searrow 0\) as \(\|Q\|\to\infty\) then the set \((K(\psi)\setminus K(c\psi))\cap K_J\) is uncountable.