On \(\mathbb Z_2\)-graded identities of the generalized Grassmann envelope of the upper triangular matrices \(UT_{k,l}(F)\). (Q392411)

The study of the polynomial identities satisfied by an associative algebra over a field of characteristic 0 leads to the study of 2-graded algebras (also called superalgebras) and of their graded polynomial identities. One starts with a 2-graded algebra \(A=A^0\oplus A^1\) and constructs its Grassmann envelope \(G(A)=A^0\otimes E^0\oplus A^1\otimes E^1\). Here \(E=E(L)\) is the infinite dimensional Grassmann algebra of a vector space \(L\), \(E^0\) is its centre (the commuting part of \(E\)), and \(E^1\) is the anticommuting part of \(E\). Thus the grading one gives on \(E\) consists of declaring all elements of \(L\) of degree 1. It is quite natural to study gradings on \(E\) that are different from the above, the natural one. Suppose \(E\) is 2-graded in such a way that the underlying vector space \(L\) is homogeneous. Then one may form the generalised Grassmann envelope of \(A\) in a similar way. In order to deal with such gradings one has to consider the following kinds of gradings on \(L\) (and thus on \(E\)). First fix a homogeneous basis \(e_1\), \(e_2\), \dots{} of \(L\). First one has the grading \(E_\varepsilon\) where the first \(\varepsilon\) of the basis elements are of degree 0, and the remaining are of degree 1. Second one has the grading \(E_{\varepsilon*}\) with the opposite degrees of \(\varepsilon\). Finally one has the grading \(E_\infty\) where all \(e_{2i}\) are of degree 0, and all \(e_{2i+1}\) are of degree 1. Now let \(\xi\) be any one of the three gradings on \(E\) described above, and consider the algebra \(UT_{k+l}(E)\) of the upper triangular matrices of size \(k+l\) and entries in \(E\). One defines a subalgebra \(UT_{kl}(E_\xi)\) of it and a 2-grading in a natural way by splitting this algebra into blocks of sizes \(k\times k\) and \(l\times l\) on the diagonal (these are upper triangular matrices), and a block \(k\times l\) in the upper right corner. Then one requires the two diagonal blocks to have entries from \(E_\xi^0\), and the off-diagonal block from \(E_\xi^1\). The main results of the paper include a complete description of the 2-graded identities of the algebras \(UT_{kl}(E_\xi)\) where \(\xi\) is any one of the gradings on \(E\) described above. Moreover the authors give linear bases of the corresponding relatively free graded algebras. It is worth mentioning that they also obtain similar results for the case when \(E\) is defined by a finite dimensional vector space. Although they need this in their proofs the results in the finite dimensional case are of significant interest in their own.