Frobenius algebras of corepresentations and group-graded vector spaces. (Q402434)

Let \(H\) be a Hopf algebra over a field \(k\) and let \(\mathcal M^H\) denote the monoidal category of right \(H\)-comodules. If \(A\) is a finite-dimensional algebra in \(\mathcal M^H\) (i.e., \(A\) is a right \(H\)-comodule algebra), then \(A\) and its \(k\)-linear dual \(A^*\) have a natural structure as right Doi-Hopf modules. The authors call \(A\) right \(H\)-Frobenius if these two structures are isomorphic. Moreover, \(A^*\) has a natural structure as a left Doi-Hopf module over the right \(H\)-comodule algebra \(A^{(S^2)}\), where the latter is \(A\) as an algebra and has a right \(H\)-coaction shifted by the square of the antipode \(S\) of \(H\). The authors call \(A\) left \(H\)-Frobenius if \(A^{(S^2)}\) and \(A^*\) are isomorphic as left Doi-Hopf modules. Note that right \(H\)-Frobenius algebras are just Frobenius algebras in \(\mathcal M^H\), but left \(H\)-Frobenius algebras seem to be specific to \(\mathcal M^H\) as there is no obvious such concept for arbitrary monoidal categories. Among several characterizations of right and left \(H\)-Frobenius algebras, the authors prove that \(A\) is left \(H\)-Frobenius if, and only if, \(A^{(S^2)}\) is right \(H\)-Frobenius. Moreover, it is shown that right \(H\)-Frobenius algebras are left \(H\)-Frobenius, and if the antipode of \(H\) is injective, then the converse is also true. In the remainder of the paper the authors specialize to \(H\) being the group algebra \(kG\) of an arbitrary group \(G\). In this case the monoidal category of right \(H\)-comodules is just the category of \(G\)-graded vector spaces, and a finite-dimensional \(G\)-graded algebra \(A\) is said to be graded Frobenius if it is right (or equivalently, left) \(kG\)-Frobenius. The authors define a more general concept for an arbitrary element \(\sigma\in G\). Namely, a finite-dimensional \(G\)-graded algebra \(A\) is called \(\sigma\)-graded Frobenius if \(A^*\) is isomorphic to the suspension \(A(\sigma)\) of \(A\) by \(\sigma\) in the category of \(G\)-graded \(A\)-modules. Obviously, graded Frobenius algebras are \(e\)-graded Frobenius algebras, where \(e\) denotes the identity element of \(G\). The authors prove several characterizations of \(\sigma\)-graded Frobenius algebras. As a consequence, they obtain that a finite-dimensional \(G\)-graded algebra \(A\) is graded Frobenius if, and only if, the homogeneous component \(A_e\) is Frobenius and \(A\) is left (or right) \(e\)-faithful. In particular, graded semisimple algebras are graded Frobenius. In the last section the authors discuss the relation of graded Frobenius algebras to Frobenius functors. As an application, they give a new short proof of a result of \textit{J. Bergen} [Commun. Algebra 21, No. 11, 4021-4024 (1993; Zbl 0805.16036)] stating that the smash product of a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra \(H\) and a finite-dimensional \(H\)-module algebra \(A\) is Frobenius, if and only if, \(A\) is Frobenius.