No label defined (Q4031849)

\textit{R. Balasubramanian} [Acta Arith. 38, 273-283 (1980; Zbl 0379.10026)] established an asymptotic formula for \(f(q,t)=\sum | L({1\over 2}+it,\chi)|^ 2\), where the sum is over characters \(\chi\bmod q\), and \(t\geq 3\). The formula implies that \(f(q,t)\sim{{\varphi^ 2(q)}\over q}\log qt\) for \(3\leq t\leq q^{3/4-\varepsilon}\), where \(\varphi(q)\) is Euler's function and \(\varphi>0\). Later \textit{W. P. Zhang} [Chin. Ann. Math., Ser. A 11, No. 1, 121-127 (1990; Zbl 0699.10058)] gave an improvement on Balasubramanian's asymptotic formula. In particular, the above formula holds for and indeed if \(3\leq t\leq q^{6/5- \varepsilon}\), and indeed if \(\log\log q\leq t\leq q^{6/5- \varepsilon}\), then \[ f(q,t)\sim{{\varphi^ 2(q)}\over q}\left(\log{{qt}\over {2\pi}}+2\gamma+\sum_{p\mid q}{{\log p}\over{p- 1}}\right), \] where \(\gamma\) is Euler's constant. Here the author gives further improvement by showing that the exponent 6/5 can now be replaced by 4/3. The improvement is derived from the use of exponent pairs to estimate the associated exponential sums.