No label defined (Q4038013)

[For parts I, II see ibid., No. 3, 407-417 (1992; Zbl 0763.34018); No. 4, 541-548 (1992; Zbl 0772.34026).] This is a paper continuing two former papers of the authors. Consider (1) \(\dot x=f(x,y)+\alpha f_ 0(x,y,\alpha,\delta)\), \(\dot y=g(x,y)+\alpha g_ 0(x,y,\alpha,\delta)\), where \(f,f_ 0,g,\dot g_ 0\in C^ 3\), \(\alpha\in R\), \(\delta\in R^ n\), \(n\geq 1\). Assume \((1)_{\alpha=0}\) has a heteroclinic singular closed orbit \(L\) passing through two saddles \(S_ 1\), \(S_ 2\) with two trajectories \(L_ i=z_ i(t)=(x_ i(t),y_ 2(t))\), \(i=1,2,-\infty<t<+\infty\). Let \(\gamma_ i=\lambda_{2i}/\lambda_{1i}\), \(i=1,2\) be the ratio of eigenvalues of \((1)_{\alpha=0}\) at \(S_ i\), and define \[ \sigma_ i=\int^ \infty_{-\infty}(f_ x+g_ y)(z_ i(t))dt,\;M_ i(\delta)=\int^ \infty_{-\infty}e^{-\int^ t_ 0(f_ x+g_ y)dt}(fg_ 0-gf_ 0)_{{\alpha=0 \atop z=z_ i(t)}}dt,\;i=1,2. \] When \(L\) is an isolated singular closed orbit of \((1)_{\alpha=0}\), the authors prove Theorem 1. Assume \(\gamma_ 1=\gamma_ 2=1\), then \(L\) is stable (unstable) when \(\sigma_ 1+\sigma_ 2<0(>0)\). Theorem 2. Assume \(\gamma_ 1\gamma_ 2\neq 1\), there exists \(\delta_ 0\) such that \(M_ i(\delta_ 0)\neq 0\), \(i=1,2\). Then for \(|\alpha|\neq 0\) and \(|\delta-\delta_ 0|\) sufficiently small, (1) has just one limit cycle in the small neighbourhood of \(L\) when \(\alpha(1-\gamma_ 1\gamma_ 2)\) \(M_ i(\delta_ 0)>0\), \(i=1,2\); and has at most two limit cycles when \(\alpha(1-\gamma_ 1\gamma_ 2)M_ i(\delta_ 0)<0\), \(i=1,2\); no limit cycle when \((1-\gamma_ 1)(1-\gamma_ 2)\geq 0\) (also in the small neighbourhood of \(L)\). Theorem 3. Assume \(\gamma_ 1=\gamma_ 2=1\), there exists \(\delta_ 0\) such that \(M(\delta_ 0)=M_ 1(\delta_ 0)+M_ 2(\delta_ 0)\neq 0\). Then for \(|\alpha|\neq 0\) and \(|\delta-\delta_ 0|\) sufficiently small, (1) has a unique limit cycle in the small neighbourhood of \(L\) when \(\alpha(\sigma_ 1+\sigma_ 2)M(\delta_ 0)>0\), whose stability is determined by the sign of \(\sigma_ 1+\sigma_ 2\); (1) has no limit cycle in the small neighbourhood of \(L\) when \(\alpha(\sigma_ 1+\sigma_ 2)M(\delta_ 0)<0\). There are also another three theorems when \((1)_{\alpha=0}\) has a family of closed orbits \(L_ \lambda\) with \(0<\lambda<k\), \(0\leq t\leq T_ \lambda\) and \(L_ \lambda\to L\), \(T_ \lambda\to\infty\) when \(\lambda\to 0\), in which aside from \(M_ i(\delta_ 0)\), \(\Delta_{i\alpha}=\lambda_{1i}(\alpha,\delta)- \lambda_{2i}(\alpha,\delta)\), \(i=1,2\), and \(M'(\delta_ 0)\), \(\Delta_{i0}'\) are also used. These theorems can be generalized to the case when \(L\) passes through more than two saddle points.