\(q\)-density points and \(q\)-density topologies (Q409683)

Let \(\lambda (.)\) denote the Lebesgue measure and \(\Omega \) the \(\sigma \) -algebra of Lebesgue measurable subsets of \(\mathbb R\). of real numbers. For \( n\geq 1\), \(x\in \mathbb R\) and \(A\in \Omega \), define the sets \(A_{n}(x)=\left[ n(A-x\right] \cap \left[ -1,1\right] \) and \(A_{n}^{\prime }(x)=\left[ -1,1 \right] \smallsetminus A_{n}(x)\). The point \(x\) is called a density point of \(A\) if \(\lambda (A_{n}^{\prime }(x))\rightarrow 0\) as \(n\rightarrow \infty \). Notation \(x\in \Phi (A)\). For \(q>0\) the number \(x\) is a \(q\)-density point of \(A\) if \(\sum_{1}^{\infty }\left\{ \lambda (A_{n}^{\prime }(x)\right\} ^{q}<\infty \). Notation \(x\in \Phi _{q}(A)\). The familiy \(\tau _{d}=\left\{ A\in \Omega :A\subseteq \Phi (A)\right\} \) is a topology (the density topology) on \(\mathbb R\) that is stronger than the usual topology \(\tau \). For \( q>0\), the \(q\)-density topology is given by \(\tau _{q}=\left\{ A\in \Omega : A\subseteq \Phi _{q}(A)\right\} \). Clearly \(\Phi _{q}(A)\subseteq \Phi (A)\). The authors show that \(\tau _{q}\) is stronger than the usual topology \( \tau \), but weaker than the density topology \(\tau _{d}\). They also prove that for \(q<w\), \(\tau \varsubsetneq \tau _{q}\varsubsetneq \tau _{w}\varsubsetneq \tau _{d}\).