The \(SO(3) \times SO(3) \times U(1)\) Hubbard model on a square lattice in terms of \(c\) and \(\alpha \nu\) fermions and deconfined \(\eta\)-spinons and spinons (Q412125)

The Hubbard model on a bipartite lattice is the simplest realistic toy model for the description of electronic correlation effects in general many-electron problems with short-range interaction on such a lattice. The model involves two effective parameters, namely the nearest-neighbor transfer integral \(t\) and the effective on-site repulsion \(U\). The author introduces a general description for the Hubbard model with parameters \(t\), \(U\) on a square lattice with avery large number \(N^2_a\gg 1\) of sites. The advantage of the description is that it accounts for the new found hidden \(U(1)\) symmetry in \(SO(3)\times SO(3)\times U(1)=[SU(2)\times SU(2)\times U(1)]/{\mathbb{Z}}^2_2\) beyond the well-known global symmetry of the \(SO(4)=[SU(2)\times SU(2)]/{\mathbb{Z}}^2_2\) model. The operator description introduced in this paper brings about a more suitable scenario for handling the effects of hole doping.