Minimal sets in monotone and concave skew-product semiflows. I: A general theory (Q414821)

The authors analyze the long-term dynamics of a general monotone and concave skew-product semiflow. The results are presented in Sections 3 and 4. In Section 3, entitled ``The dynamics above a semicontinuous subequilibrium'', the authors work with the following setting: (i) minimal real continuous global flow \((\Omega, \sigma, \mathbb{R})\); (ii) strongly ordered Banach space \(X\) with a normal cone; and (iii) a real continuous skew-product local semiflow \((\Omega\times X, \tau, \mathbb{R}_+)\), \noindent satisfying: (h1) the semiflow is \(C^1\) in \(x\), monotone and concave; (h2) any bounded semiorbit is globally defined and relatively compact; and (h3) there exists a semicontinuous subequilibrium \(a\) and a minimal set \(K\) strongly above it. \noindent The authors describe the long-term dynamics in the region delimited from below by the graph of a semicontinuous subequilibrium, whose existence is a part of the fundamental hypothesis (h3). The section also contains the description of the set \(\mathcal{M}_a\) of minimal sets strongly above \(a\). In Section 4, entitled ``The dynamics above and below a minimal set'', the authors work with (h1), (h2) and (h3\(^\ast\)) there exists a minimal set \(K\subset \Omega \times X\) admitting a flow extension and the semiflow \(\tau|_{X_+^K}\) is globally defined, where \(X_+^K=\{(\omega,x)\in \Omega\times X\,|\,x=y+v \text{ for some } (\omega,y)\in K \text{ and } v\in X_+\}\). \noindent The authors describe the long-term dynamics in the region delimited from below by the minimal set \(K\) whose existence is guaranteed by the hypothesis (h3\(^\ast\)). The section also contains a short description of the dynamics below \(K\). Situations that arise in the descriptions in Sections 3 and 4 depend on the existence and number, or absence, of minimal sets strongly above the initially fixed one, coming from (h3) or (h3\(^\ast\)), as well as on the coexistence or not of bounded and unbounded semiorbits in the region. The authors unify and extend some of the existing results in the literature. They also make some comparisons with the sublinear case, which was considered in the paper by the same authors [J. Differ. Equations 248, No. 7, 1879--1897 (2010; Zbl 1186.37024)]. The paper is well-written and interesting.