Mathieu subspaces of associative algebras (Q420726)

Let \(A\) be an associative unital \(R\)-algebra over a commutative ring \(R\) and let \(M\) be an \(R\)-submodule or \(R\)-subspace of \(A\). Suppose that \(a\in A\) and \(a^m\in M\) for all \(m\geq 1\). If for every \(b\in A\) there exists \(N\geq 1\) such that \(ba^m\in M\) for all \(m\geq N\), then \(M\) is said to be a left Mathieu subspace of \(A\). By analogy are defined the notions of right, two-sided and pre-two-sided Mathieu subspaces. The notion of Mathieu subspaces as a natural generalization of the notion of ideals for associative algebras has been introduced by the author [in J. Pure Appl. Algebra 214, No. 7, 1200-1216 (2010; Zbl 1205.33017)]. We say that \(A\) is a strongly simple \(R\)-algebra if \(A\) has no non-trivial two-sided Mathieu subspaces. The algebra \(A\) is quasi-stable if every \(R\)-subspace \(V\) of \(A\) with \(1\not\in V\) is a Mathieu subspace of \(A\). In this paper the author first studies algebraic elements in the radical of Mathieu subspaces of associative algebras over fields and proves some properties and characterizations of Mathieu subspaces with algebraic radicals. So he obtains some characterizations or classifications for strongly simple algebras over arbitrary commutative rings, and for quasi-stable algebras over arbitrary fields. Furthermore, co-dimension one Mathieu subspaces and the minimal non-trivial Mathieu subspaces of the matrix algebras over fields are also completely determined.