On diffeomorphisms over nonorientable surfaces standardly embedded in the 4-sphere (Q422090)

For a closed surface \(S\) and a smooth embedding \(e\) of \(S\) into the 4-sphere \(S^4\), a diffeomorphism \(\phi\) over \(S\) is said to be \(e\)-extendable if there is an orientation-preserving diffeomorphism \(\Phi\) of \(S^4\) such that \(\Phi|_S=\phi\). Let \(g \geq 1\). For the orientable closed surface \(\Sigma_g\) of genus \(g\), an embedding \(e\) of \(\Sigma_g\) into \(S^4\) is called standard if \(e(\Sigma_g)\) is the boundary of a 3-dimensional handlebody embedded in \(S^4\). It is known that for \(\Sigma_g\) standardly embedded in \(S^4\), an orientation-preserving diffeomorphism \(\phi\) over the \(\Sigma_g\) is extendable to \(S^4\) if and only if \(\phi\) preserves the Rokhlin quadratic form of the \(\Sigma_g\) standardly embedded in \(S^4\); see \textit{J. M. Montesinos} [Q. J. Math., Oxf. II. Ser. 34, 171--199 (1983; Zbl 0522.57019)] for \(g=1\) and \textit{S. Hirose} [Algebr. Geom. Topol. 2, 791--824 (2002; Zbl 1022.57016)] for \(g \geq 2\). In this paper, the author considers the same kind of problem for nonorientable surfaces embedded in \(S^4\). Let \(N_g\) be the closed nonorientable surface of genus \(g\), i.e. a connected nonorientable surface constructed from \(g\) projective planes by connected sum. An embedding \(os: N_g \hookrightarrow S^4\) is said to be \(o\)-standard if \(os(N_g) \subset S^3 \times [-1,1]\) and as shown in Figure 1 in the paper, where \(S^3 \times [-1,1]\) is a closed tubular neighborhood of the equator \(S^3\) in \(S^4\). The main result is that for \(N_g\) \(o\)-standardly embedded in \(S^4\), the diffeomorphism \(\phi\) over \(N_g\) is \(os\)-extendable if and only if \(\phi\) preserves the Guillou-Marin quadratic form of the \(N_g\) \(o\)-standardly embedded in \(S^4\). Here the Guillou-Marin quadratic form is a quadratic form \(q_e:H_1(N_g;\mathbb{Z}_2) \to \mathbb{Z}_4\) defined for a smooth embedding \(e\) of \(N_g\) into \(S^4\), which is a nonorientable analogy of Rokhlin quadratic form. The result is shown by investigating the generators of the mapping class group of \(N_g\).