No label defined (Q4239097)

Let \({\mathbf R}\) denote a compact Riemann surface of genus \(g\geq 2\), let \(\Aut({\mathbf R})\) denote the group of conformal self-homeomorphisms (automorphisms) on \({\mathbf R}\). The group \(\Aut({\mathbf R})\) can be embedded into the mapping class group or outer automorphism group \(\text{Out}^+(\pi_1({\mathbf R}))= \Aut^+(\pi_1({\mathbf R}))/\text{Int}(\pi_1({\mathbf R}))\) of the fundamental group \(\pi_1({\mathbf R})\) of \({\mathbf R}\). The author's aim is to construct a very explicit embedding in the case where \({\mathbf R}\) is the Klein curve \(X\) of genus 3 defined by the equation \[ x^3y= y^3z+ z^3x= 0. \] The author identifies potential generators for the image of an embedding, then gives two proofs that these elements do in fact generate the image. The first proof uses all of the available tools: Hurwitz's formula which bounds the order of \(\Aut({\mathbf R})\), the fact that \(\Aut(X)\) realizes that bound, a group presentation for \(\Aut(X)= \text{PSL}_2({\mathcal F}_7)\), simplicity of the group \(\text{PSL}_2({\mathcal F}_7)\), the Nielsen realization theorem of Kerckhoff, a special uniqueness of the curve \(X\). The second proof is very combinatorial and classical in that it deals with an explicit fundamental domain describing \(X\) and edge pairing on that domain.