A sofic coding of the hyperbolic automorphisms of the torus (Q4248034)

\textit{A. M. Vershik} [Funct. Anal. Appl. 26, No. 3, 170-173 (1992; Zbl 0810.58031)] posed a question on the existence of good codings for hyperbolic automorphisms on the torus \(\mathbb{T}^d\) for \(d\geq 2\). Finding good codings meant finding symbolic systems coding a hyperbolic automorphism in such a way that certain structures on it (homoclinic points, expansive directions, etc) can be translated in an algebraic way to the symbolic system. In this paper the author proves the existence of some properties of an interesting coding \(\mathbb{X}\) introduced by him in a previous paper, \textit{S. Le Borgne} [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Sér. I 323, 1123-1128 (1996; Zbl 0869.58042)] which answers Vershik's question. That coding is based on the lexicographic ordering and on a characterization of the \(\beta\)-expansions introduced by \textit{A. Bertrand-Mathis} [Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 114, 271-323 (1986; Zbl 0628.58024)]. If the automorphism on \(\mathbb{T}^d\) has only a proper value \(\beta\) of module greater than 1 (a Pisot number), then it is possible to construct a bi-infinite \(\beta\)-shift, a sofic system obtained from the real numbers written in base \(\beta\). Recall that a subshift is a sofic system if it is a topological factor of a subshift of finite type. Let \(\nu\) be the unique probability measure with maximal entropy on the constructed sofic system \(\mathbb{X}\) and \(\sigma\) the shift map on it, then it is also proved that the dynamical system \((\mathbb{T}^d,T,m)\) is a factor of the symbolic system \((\mathbb{X}, \sigma,\nu)\) via a Hölder type map. \(T\) denotes the automorphism on the torus \(\mathbb{T}^d\) and \(m\) the corresponding Lebesgue measure which is invariant by \(T\).