No label defined (Q4250397)

The classical Riemann-Siegel formula gives a precise asymptotic formula for \[ E(s,x) := \zeta(s) - \sum_{n\leq x}n^{-s} - \chi(s) \sum_{n\leq t/(2\pi x)}n^{s-1}, \] where \(s = \sigma + it, t\geq 1, \chi(s) = \zeta(s)/\zeta(1-s)\). Under the same assumptions the author establishes the important analogue for the square of \(\zeta(s)\), more precisely for the function \[ R(s,x) := \zeta^2(s) - {\sum_{n\leq x}}^{'}d(n)n^{-s} - \chi^2(s) {\sum_{n\leq y}}^{'}d(n)n^{s-1}, \] where \(d(n)\) is the number of divisors of \(n\), \(xy = (t/2\pi)^2\), \(x,y \geq 1\) and the dash in \({\sum\limits_{n\leq u}}^{'}\) indicates that the last summand is to be halved if \(u\) is an integer. The result, whose formulation is too complicated to be fully reproduced here, yields as a corollary \[ \chi(1-s)R\left(s,{t\over 2\pi}\right) = -2\left(t\over\pi\right)^{-{1\over 2}} \Delta\left({t\over 2\pi}\right) + O(t^{-{1\over 4}}),\tag{1} \] where \(\Delta(x) = {\sum\limits_{n\leq x}}^{'}d(n) - x(\log x + 2\gamma-1) -{1\over 4}\) is the error term in the Dirichlet divisor problem (\(\gamma\) is Euler's constant). The proof begins with the transformation of \(R\left(s,{t\over 2\pi}\right)\), by the Dirichlet hyperbola method, into an expression involving \(E(s,x)\). Then the Riemann-Siegel formula is invoked, whose application leads to certain exponential integrals. These are cleverly evaluated by the saddle point method. The proof is presented clearly and in detail, and the result represents a fundamental tool in the theory of \(\zeta(s)\). Reviewer's remark: The author's result was obtained as far back as 1982, but due to some unfortunate circumstances (partially explained at the end of the paper) it was never appropriately published before [see e.g., his notes in Proc. Japan Acad., Ser. A 59, 392-396 (1983; Zbl 0541.10032), II: ibid., 469-472 (1983; Zbl 0541.10032) and III: ibid., A 62, 410-412 (1986; Zbl 0613.10033)], although the result was used many times. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0910.00038].