Mean value results for the approximate functional equation of the square of the Riemann zeta-function (Q4024722)

Let \(s=\sigma+it\) (\(0\leq\sigma\leq 1\), \(t\geq 1\)) be a complex variable, \(\zeta(s)\) the Riemann zeta-function, and \(d(n)\) the number of positive divisors of the integer \(n\). We put \[ R(s;t/2\pi)=\zeta^ 2(s)- \sum_{n\leq t/2\pi} d(n)n^{-s}-\chi^ 2(s) \sum_{n\leq t/2\pi} d(n)n^{s-1}, \] where \(\chi(s)=2^ s \pi^{s-1}\sin({1\over 2}\pi s)\Gamma(1-s)\). It has been shown by \textit{Y. Motohashi} [Proc. Japan Acad., Ser. A 59, 393-396 (1983; Zbl 0541.10032)] that \[ \chi(1- s)R(s;t/2\pi)=-\sqrt{2}(t/2\pi)^{-{1\over 2}}\Delta(t/2\pi)+O(t^{- {1\over 4}}),\tag{1} \] where \(\Delta(t/2\pi)\) is defined by \(\Delta(x)=\sum_{n\leq x}'d(n)-x(\log x+2\gamma-1)-{1\over 4}\). Here \(\gamma\) denotes the Euler constant, and \(\sum'\) indicates that the last term is to be halved if \(x\) is an integer. Inspired by the relation (1), the authors investigate mean values of \(R({1\over 2}+it;t/2\pi)\), as analogues of Tong-Preissmann's mean value theorem for \(\Delta(x)\). The starting point of the authors is the following ``weak form'' of the Riemann-Siegel formula for \(\zeta^ 2(s)\), which has been proved in \textit{Y. Motohashi} [Proc. Japan Acad., Ser. A 59, 469-472 (1983; Zbl 0541.10032)]: \[ \chi(1-s)R(s;t/2\pi)=(t/2\pi)^{-{1\over 4}} \sum_{n=1}^ \infty d(n)h(n)n^{-{1\over 4}}\sin(2\sqrt{2\pi nt+\textstyle{{1\over 4}}\pi})+O(t^{-{1\over 2}}\log t), \] where \(h(n)=(2/\pi)^{1\over 2}\int_ 0^ \infty (y+n\pi)^{-{1\over 2}}\cos(y+{1\over 4}\pi)dy\). The authors obtain the following mean value results: \[ \int_ 1^ T | R\bigl(\textstyle{{1\over 2}}+it;t/2\pi\bigr)|^ 2 dt=\sqrt{2\pi}\bigl\{\sum_{n=1}^ \infty d^ 2(n)h^ 2(n)n^{-{1\over 2}}\bigr\}T^{1\over 2}+O(T^{1\over 4}\log T), \] and for any \(\varepsilon>0\), \(\int_ 1^ T R^ 2({1\over 2}+it;t/2\pi) dt=O(T^{{1\over 4}+\varepsilon})\).