Heat kernels of two-dimensional magnetic Schrödinger and Pauli operators (Q425166)

It is well known that the Laplace operator \(-\Delta\) in \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^2)\) does not a finite Green function. This is related to the fact that the integral kernel \(e^{t\Delta}(x,y)=\frac{1}{4\pi t}e^{-\frac{|x-y|^2}{4t}}\) of the heat semigroup generated by \(-\Delta\) decays too slowly as \(t \to \infty\). This paper is intended to find out how this long term behavior changes when the operator \(-\Delta\) is replaced by a Hamiltonian describing the energy of a particle subject to a magnetic field. Particularly, two different Hamiltonians are considered: the magnetic Schrödinger operator in the case of a particle without spin and the Pauli operator corresponding to a particle with spin. It is shown that the large time behavior of the heat kernels in both cases is determined by the total flux of the magnetic fields.