The Navier-Stokes equation with distributions as initial data and application to self-similar solutions (Q4336938)

The authors consider the Cauchy problem for the Navier-Stokes equation on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) for \(n\geq 2\) of the following form: \[ {\partial u\over\partial t} -\Delta_xu+ (u\cdot \nabla_x)u+ \nabla_xp=0, \quad\nabla_x \cdot u=0 \quad\text{in } ]0,\infty[ \times\mathbb{R}^n,\quad u(0,x)=a(x) \quad\text{on }\mathbb{R}^n. \tag{1} \] In addition, they consider the Cauchy problem for semilinear heat equations on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) of the following form: \[ {\partial u\over\partial t} (t,x)= \Delta u(t,x) +f\bigl(u(t,x)\bigr) \quad\text{in }] 0,\infty[\times \mathbb{R}^n, \quad u(0,x)= a(x)\quad \text{on } \mathbb{R}^n. \tag{2} \] The paper shows a construction of new function spaces, introduced in the same way as the Besov spaces, with the Morrey spaces in place of the standard \(L^p\)-spaces. Later there is shown that, if the initial data \(a(x)\) belongs to these function spaces and its norm is sufficiently small, then the Cauchy problems (1) and (2) admit unique time-global strong solutions with a bound near \(t=0\). These function spaces contain distributions other than Radon measures and nontrivial homogeneous functions, and initial data from these spaces lead to self-similar solutions. Also a local version of these function spaces is introduced and conditions on the initial data in these spaces sufficient for the unique existence of time-local strong solutions of the equations with a bound near \(t=0\) is given. Moreover, the stationary Navier-Stokes equation on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) for \(n\geq 3\) is considered and a condition on the external force sufficient for the unique existence of small stationary solutions belonging to appropriate Morrey spaces is given. Further, the stability of the above stationary solution is studied. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0859.00023].